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What is Epidemiology?
A field of science that studies health problems within populations
What is Analytic Epidemiology?
studies measure the association between a particular exposure and a disease
What does Descriptive Epidemiology mean?
aims to describe the distributions of diseases and determinants.
What is Efficacy?
is used when a study is carried out under ideal conditions
Effectiveness
assesses whether an intervention does more good than harm
What is an epidemic?
a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time.
What is a pandemic?
of a disease prevalent over a whole country or the world
What is an Endemic?
a disease or condition regularly found among particular people or in a certain area.
What does Common-source mean?
the outbreak is one in which a group of persons is all exposed to an infectious agent
What does Propagated mean?
occurs when the infection spreads from one person to another through the air, via a vector, via contaminated food or water, or during unprotected sexual intercourse.
What is a Mixed epidemic?
are often caused by foodborne infectious agents.
What does the Primary case?
infectious diseases that spread from human to human
What is a Secondary case?
A person who gets a disease from exposure to a person with the disease, or primary case.
What is a Suspect case?
In the midst of a large outbreak of a disease caused by a known agent, some cases may be permanently classified as suspected or probable
What is a pathogen?
describes how diseases develop and pathogens spread in cultivated crops
What is an Epidemiology triangle?
is a tool that scientists use for addressing the three components that contribute to the spread of disease
What is Fomite?
is any inanimate object that, when contaminated with or exposed to infectious agents
What is Vector?
a disease vector is any agent which carries and transmits an infectious pathogen into another living organism
What is the Reservoir?
is the population of organisms or the specific environment in which an infectious pathogen naturally lives and reproduces
What is a Healthy or passive carrier?
is contaminated with the pathogen and can mechanically transmit it
What is the Convalescent carrier?
are those who have recovered from their illness but remain capable of transmitting to others.
What is the Chain of infection?
The six links include: the infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host.
What is Primary prevention?
aims to prevent disease or injury before it ever occurs
What is Active primary prevention?
includes those measures that lead to early diagnosis and prompt treatment of a disease.
What is Passive primary prevention?
strategies are those that do not require action by an individual for protection to occur; individuals are automatically protected