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Epidemiology ALL
Epidemiology Definitions
Transmission
Causation and Prevention
Rates
100

This is when signs and symptoms plus laboratory confirmation is present

What is a confirmed case

100
A human in which disease occurs.
What is the host?
100
The manner the disease moves to a new host.
What is the mode of transmission?
100
If primary prevention is used during prepathogenesis or incubation stage, then this level of prevention is used when the host begins to react to the agent or in the pathogenesis stage.
What is secondary prevention
100
Total deaths of infants in given year in population/ Total # of live births in same year in population
What is infant death rate
200

This man is credited with the name "The Father of Epidemiology" 

Who is John Snow?

200
A contagious or non-contagious power that causes a health concern.
What is the agent?
200
This involves contact between a person with the disease and another person.
What is direct transmission?
200
This level of prevention may include rehabilitation or palliative care
What is tertiary prevention?
200
Number of people with a disease in a population at one point in time/ Total in the given population at same point in time
What is prevelance? ie prevelance of HIV in IV drug users
300
Who, what, where, when, person, place, and time.
What are epidemiology variables?
300

An inanimate object that transmits a disease.

What is a fomite?

300

The six steps of the chain of infection

Infectious agent - Reservoir - Portal of exit - Mode of transmission - Portal of entry - Susceptible host

300
Reasonable evidence there is a connection between a stressor (environmental factor) and a health issues (or disease).
What is association?
300
Number of new cases of a disease in population in given time (1 year) Average total population in same time period
What is incidence
400

This is a retrospective study, in which you organize group by the outcome and trace exposure

What is a case control study?

400
This can move between an agent and host, causing spread of the disease.
What is a vector? ie a tick or mosquito
400
Transmission that includes a vector or vehicle such as contaminated water, or air borne.
What is indirect contact?
400
A relationship between a stressor and disease is confirmed.
What is causation?
400
Total deaths from a specific cause in a year in a population subgroup/ Average total population subgroup for the same year
What is specific mortality rates?
500
The characteristics of the individual, which interact with the agents, and environments determines this in each person.
What is risk or susceptibility?
500

An infectious disease that is transmissible under normal conditions from animals to humans.

What is zoonosis?

500

 During this type of transmission, an agent undergoes part of its life cycle inside a vector before being transmitted to a new host. The vector is serving as both an intermediate host and a mode of transmission.

What is biological transmission?

500

A model used when there are many indirect and direct causes (often including the DOH) related to the health issue.

What is a web of causation?

500
Total deaths from any cause in a given year in a population/ Average total population for the same year
What is crude mortality rate?