Transmissions
Transfer of a disease to a human by a vector
What is a Vector-borne Transmission
The effort to prevent a disease or disorder before it happens
What is Primary Prevention
A field of science that studies health problems within populations
What is Epidemilogy
The first disease case in the population
What is Primary Case
An infected person or animal that contains, spreads, or harbors an infectious organism
What is Carrier
Transfer of disease via a particular vehicle- for example, needle use
What is a Vehicle-borne Transmission
Activities aimed at health screening and early detection to improve the likelihood of cure and reduce the chance of disability or death
What is Secondary Prevention
Study that involves answering the questions “Why?” and “How?”
What is Analytic Epidemiology
A person who has been diagnosed with a health-related state or event.
What is Case
Individual who harbors a pathogen and who, although in the recovery phase of the course of the disease, is still infectious
What is Convalescent Carrier
The direct and immediate transfer of an agent from a host/reservoir to a susceptible host
What is a Direct Transmission
Behavior changes on the part of the individual that prevents disease or disorder before it happens (e.g., exercising, not smoking, reducing dietary fat intake)
What is Active Primary Prevention
An epidemic affecting or attacking the population of an extensive region, country, or continent
What is Pandemic
The first disease case brought to the attention of the epidemiologist
What is Index Case
Individual who has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen and who can spread the disease at different places or intervals
What is Intermittent Carrier
Transfer of bacteria or viruses on dust particles or on small respiratory droplets that may become aerosolized when individuals sneeze, cough, laugh, or exhale
What is an Airborne Transmission
Does not require behavior change on the part of the individual to prevent a disease or disorder from occurring (e.g., eating, vitamin-enriched foods, drinking fluoridated water)
What is Passive Primary Prevention
The ongoing, usual, or constant presence of a disease in a community or among a group of people
What is Endemic
A standard set of criteria applied in a specific situation to ensure that cases are consistently diagnosed, regardless of where or when they were identified and who diagnosed the case
What is Case Definition
an individual who has been exposed to and harbors a disease-causing organism (pathogen) and who has done so for sone time, even though he or she may have recovered from the disease
What is Active Carrier
Transfer of a pathogen to a susceptible host by a vector, with the pathogen undergoing reproduction, developmental changes, or both while in the vector
What is a Biological Transmission
Efforts to limit disability by providing rehabilitation where the disease, injury, or a disorder has already occurred and caused damage
What is Tertiary Prevention
Provides a description of the who, what, when, and where aspects of health-related states or events in a population
What is Descriptive Epidemiology
An individual (or group) who has all the signs and symptoms of a disease or condition but has not been diagnosed as having the disease or had the cause of the symptoms connected to a suspected pathogen
What is Suspect Case
An individual who has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen; who is in the beginning stages of the disease; who is showing symptoms; and who has the ability to transmit the disease
What is Incubatory Carrier