Spread of Disease
When a group of individuals is all infected by the same agent by the same source.
What is a common source outbreak?
A person or study group identified as having the particular disease, disorder, or condition under investigation.
What is a case?
A person who has a copy of the disease-causing gene but is asymptomatic or has mild symptoms.
What is a carrier?
When an infectious agent is transmitted to a susceptible host through direct contact or droplet spread.
What is a direct transmission?
Intervening before health effects occur through means such as vaccinations and avoiding risky behaviors.
What is primary prevention?
An infectious disease that crosses international boundaries that affect people on a global scale.
What is a pandemic?
The first case where a person contracts the disease from exposure.
What is a primary case?
An infected individual who can transmit the disease to other.
What is an active carrier?
When an individual is infected through suspended air particles, inanimate objects, or animate intermediaries.
What is an indirect transmission?
What is secondary prevention?
An unexpected increase in the number of disease cases (not necessarily infectious) in a specific geographical location.
What is an epidemic?
People who become infected with the disease through exposure to a primary case not from the source of the outbreak itself.
What is a secondary case?
An individual who may never experience symptoms despite being infected.
What is a passive carrier?
When an infectious agent is transmitted through small respiratory droplets.
What is an airborne transmission?
Aims to reduced the severity of the disease.
What is tertiary prevention?
A disease outbreak consistently present in a particular region with predictable spread and case rates.
What is an endemic?
An individual presenting the symptoms of the disease but not confirmed to have the disease.
What is a suspect case?
An individual who can transmit the disease during the incubation period before the clinical illness begins.
What is an incubatory carrier?
The transfer of an infectious agent through a vector not part of the biological life cycle of the infectious agent.
What is a mechanical transmission?
A behavioral change in an individual in order to prevent negative health effects.
What is active primary prevention?
An outbreak where people might be infected through a common source outbreak and later transmit the disease through direct contact with others.
What is a mixed epidemic?
The first reported case of the disease that is diagnosed by a clinician or epidemiologist.
What is an index case?
An individual who has recovered from the illness but is still capable of transmitting it to others.
What is a convalescent carrier?
When the infectious agent reproduces with a biological vector which transmits the infectious agent from on host to another.
What is a biological transmission?
Does not require action by an individual for protection to occur in an effort to prevent negative health effects.
What is passive primary prevention?