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Definitions
Epidemiology Model
Transmission
Causation and Prevention
Rates
100

The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states in specified populations, and the application of this study to control of health problems

What is epidemiology?

100
A human in which disease occurs.
What is the host?
100
The manner the disease moves to a new host.
What is the mode of transmission?
100
If primary prevention is used during prepathogenesis or incubation stage, then this level of prevention is used when the host begins to react to the agent or in the pathogenesis stage.
What is secondary prevention
100
Total deaths of infants in given year in population/ Total # of live births in same year in population
What is infant death rate
200

The occurrence of a health-related event (ex: illness) in excess of the normal expectancy

What is an outbreak?

200
A contagious or non-contagious power that causes a health concern.
What is the agent?
200
This involves contact between a person with the disease and another person.
What is direct transmission?
200
This level of prevention may include rehabilitation or palliative care
What is tertiary prevention?
200
Number of people with a disease in a population at one point in time/ Total in the given population at same point in time
What is prevelance? ie prevelance of HIV in IV drug users
300

When an epidemic spreads in several countries, affecting many people.

What is a pandemic?

300
According to the epidemiology model, this is needed for disease to happen?
What is the interaction of the agent, host, and environment
300
Touching, skin to skin contact, and sexual intercourse.
What are types of direct transmission?
300
Reasonable evidence there is a connection between a stressor (environmental factor) and a health issues (or disease).
What is association?
300
Number of new cases of a disease in population in given time (1 year) Average total population in same time period
What is incidence
400

Measurement of occurrence of disease that determines how quickly the disease is increasing within the population.

What is incidence rate?

400
This can move between an agent and host, causing spread of the disease.
What is a vector? ie a tick or mosquito
400
Transmission that includes a vector or vehicle such as contaminated water, or air borne.
What is indirect contact?
400
A relationship between a stressor and disease is confirmed.
What is causation?
400
Total deaths from a specific cause in a year in a population subgroup/ Average total population subgroup for the same year
What is specific mortality rates?
500

A proportion that measures how common a disease is within a population.

What is prevalence?

500
Instead of using a triangle to illustrate the epidemiology model , this is used to illustrate the relationship between the elements of the epidemiology model?
What is a Venn diagram?
500
The unknown transmission mode of HIV in the 1980s led to this positive commonly used medical precaution.
What are universal precautions?
500
A model used when there are many indirect and direct causes (often including the DOH) related to the health issue.
What is a web of causation?
500
Total deaths from any cause in a given year in a population/ Average total population for the same year
What is crude mortality rate?