Foundations of Epidemiology
The scientific study of the distribution and causes of diseases in populations.
Epidemiology
Diseases caused by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites.
Infectious Diseases
A disease that occurs rarely and irregularly.
Sporadic Diseases
A model that explains disease occurrence through the interaction of agent, host, and environment.
Epidemiologic Triad
The practice of washing hands with soap and water or alcohol-based sanitizer to remove germs.
Hand Hygiene
Public health professionals who study disease patterns and causes.
Epidemiologists
Infectious diseases that can be transmitted from one person to another.
Communicable Diseases
A disease that is constantly present in a particular region or population.
Endemic Diseases
The microorganism or pathogen that causes disease in the triad model.
Agent
The separation of infected individuals from healthy people to prevent the spread of disease.
Isolation
The English physician who mapped cholera cases in London and helped develop modern epidemiology.
Dr. John Snow
Diseases that spread very easily through direct contact or close proximity.
Contagious Diseases
A sudden increase in the number of disease cases in a specific area.
Epidemic Diseases
The individual who can become infected with a disease.
Host
The process of cleaning and reducing microorganisms on surfaces and medical equipment.
Disinfection
The continuous monitoring and collection of data on diseases in populations.
Disease Surveillance
Infectious diseases that are transmitted from animals to humans.
Zoonoses
An epidemic that spreads across several countries or continents.
Pandemic Diseases
External factors such as climate, sanitation, and living conditions that influence disease spread.
Environment
The destruction of all microorganisms including spores on medical instruments.
Sterilization
The investigation conducted when there is a sudden increase in disease cases.
Outbreak Investigation
A zoonotic viral disease transmitted through the bite of infected animals.
Rabies
The worldwide outbreak of a coronavirus disease that started in 2019.
Covid-19 Pandemic
A model describing how infection spreads through six connected components such as agent, reservoir, and transmission.
Chain of Infection
The method of protecting individuals from infectious diseases by administering vaccines.
Immunization/Vaccination