Australia COPD EPI
Worldwide COPD EPI
Bedside Investigations
Lab investigations
More complex investigations
100
True or False: COPD affects 20% adults aged 40+ in Australia
False: Affects approximately 10-12% of adults aged 40+ years in Australia
100
The prevalence of COPD is higher in developing countries due to___
Air pollution
100
This non-invasive device is clipped onto a patient’s finger to estimate oxygen saturation. What is it called?
Pulse Oximetry
100
This arterial blood gas (ABG) parameter is elevated in COPD patients who develop chronic CO₂ retention and metabolic compensation.
Bicarbonate ions
100
What FEV1/FVC ratio and FEV1 value indicates Stage 1 COPD?
FEV1/FVC <0.7 and FEV1 <80%
200
COPD Costs Australia how much annually?
a)2 million
b)10 million
c)4 billion
d)9 billion
9 billion
200
What percentage of COPD deaths in those under 70 years of age occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC).
Nearly 90%
200
What is a normal oxygen saturation (SpO₂) reading in a healthy individual?
95-100%
200
List common pathogens (list at least 2!) causing respiratory infection that could exacerbate Sylvia’s COPD symptoms
Strep pneumonia, Haemophilus influenza, Moraxella catarrhalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Atypical bacteria (mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella)
200
What happens to Total Lung Capacity (TLC) and Residual Volume (RV) in COPD?
Increased TLC (typically greater than 4-6L) and RV
300
Which Australian natural disaster is known to exacerbate COPD in the summer?
Bushfires
300
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the ___ leading cause of death worldwide, causing 3.5 million deaths, approximately 5% of all global deaths.
4th
300
In COPD, SpO2 reading below this percentage suggests the need for long term oxygen therapy
88%
300
What would a CRP level of >50mg/dl likely indicate?
Bacterial Infection
300
What are typical CXR finding in COPD?
Flattening of the diaphragm, inferior border of heart visible, possible
400
COPD is the ____ leading cause of death in Australia
a) 1st
b)2nd
c)3rd
d)4th
e)5th
COPD is the 5th leading cause of death in Australia
400
_______ accounts for over 70% of COPD cases in high-income countries.
Tobacco smoking
400
True or False: Pulse Oximetry can accurately assess carbon dioxide retention in COPD patients
False
400
What would a WBC value of >11 indicate?
Infection, inflammation
400
What is the difference between the immune cell cause of inflammation of COPD and Asthma? (Eosinophils vs Neutrophils)
COPD – neutrophilic inflammation + structural lung damage
Asthma – eosinophilic inflammation (Th2 allergy)
500
COPD was the underlying cause of death for how many Australians in 2022?
a) 1000
b)200
c)8000
d)18000
COPD was the underlying cause of death for 8000 Australians in 2022
500
COPD affects ____% of adults globally
~5%
10-15%
20-30%
50%
10-15%
500
What are some conditions that can interfere with the accuracy of pulse oximetry readings?
cold hands, poor circulation, shock, anaemia
500
What could a Hb level below 130 g/L in men and 120 g/L in women indicate?
Anaemia
500
What is the gold standard test for diagnosing COPD
Spirometry