Cases
a person in a population who has been identified as having a particular disease, disorder, injury, or condition
What is a Case?
the occurrence of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or other health-related events clearly in excess of normal expectancy in a community or region
What is an Epidemic?
immediate transfer of an infectious agent from one person to another
What is Direct Transmission?
aimed at the health screening and detection activities used to identify disease
What is Secondary Prevention?
contains, spreads, or harbors an infectious organism
What is a Carrier?
In an epidemic, the first disease case in the population
What is Primary Case?
an epidemic affecting or attacking the population of an extensive region, country, or continent
What is a Pandemic?
when droplets or dust particles carry the pathogen to the host and cause infection
What is Airborne Transmission?
does not require behavior change on the part of the individual (e.g., eating vitamin-enriched foods, drinking fluoridated water).
What is Passive Primary Prevention?
Individual who has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen, is in the beginning stages of the disease, is displaying symptoms, and has the ability to transmit the disease
What is Incubatory Carrier?
is an individual who has all of the signs and symptoms of a disease or condition yet has not been diagnosed as having the disease
What is a Suspected Case?
types of infectious-disease epidemics arise from a specific source
What is Common-source?
fomites, food, or water that acts as a conveyance of infection
What is Vehicle-Borne Transmission?
preventing a disease or disorder before it happens
What is Primary Prevention?
Individual who has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen but has not become ill or shown any of the symptoms of the disease.
What is Healthy or Passive Carrier?
The first disease case brought to the attention of the epidemiologist
occurs when victims of a common-source epidemic have person-to person contact with others and spread the disease, resulting in a propagated outbreak
What is Mixed Epidemic?
an agent is transferred or carried by some intermediate item, organism, means, or process to a susceptible host, resulting in disease
What is Indirect Trasmission?
requires behavior change on the part of the individual (e.g., begin exercising, stop smoking, reduce dietary fat intake)
What is Active Primary Prevention?
an invertebrate animal (e.g., tick, mite, mosquito, bloodsucking fly) that transmits infection by conveying the infectious agent from one host to another
What is a Vector?
persons who become infected and ill after a disease has been introduced into a population and who become infected from contact with the primary case
What is Secondary Case?
ongoing, usual, or constant presence of a disease in a community or among a group of people
What is Endemic?
when an arthropod (e.g., mosquito, flea, tick, lice) conveys the infection agent
What is Vector-borne Transmission?
consists of limiting any disability by providing rehabilitation when a disease, injury, or disorder has already occurred and caused damage
What is Tertiary Prevention?
Individual who harbors a pathogen and who, although in the recovery phase of the course of the disease, is still infectious.
What is Convalescent Carrier?