Field
A field of science that studies health problems within populations
What is Epidemiology?
Ability of a program to
produce a desired effect among those who
participate in the program compared with
those who do not
What is Efficacy?
Transfer of a disease via a particular vehicle- for example, needle use
What is Vehicle-borne Transmission?
An epidemic that arises from a specific
source.
What is a Common Source Epidemic?
A person in a population who has been
identified as having a particular disease,
disorder, injury, or condition.
What is a Case?
Finding and quantifying associations, testing
hypotheses, and identifying causes of
health-related states or events
What is Analytic Epidemiology?
Ability of a program to
produce benefits among those who are
offered the program
A nonliving
intermediary such as a clothing, food, or
water that conveys the infectious agent
from its reservoir to a susceptible host
What is a Vehicle?
Epidemic that affects or
attacks the population of an extensive
region, country, or continent
What is a Pandemic?
A standard set
of criteria ensures that
cases are consistently diagnosed, regardless
of where or when they were identified and
who diagnosed the case
What is Case Definition?
Characterization of
the distribution of health-related states or
events.
What is Descriptive Epidemiology?
Arises from infections transmitted from one infected person to another
What is Propagated?
Different ways in which disease is
transferred
What is Modes of Transmission?
Ongoing, usual, or constant
presence of a disease in a community or
among a group of people; a disease is said
to be endemic when it continually prevails in
a region
What is an Endemic?
The first disease case brought to the
attention of the epidemiologist.
What is an Index Case?
This triangle is based
on the infectious disease model and is
useful in showing the interaction and
interdependence of the agent, host, environment, and time
What is an Epidemiology Triangle?
An infectious organism in
vertebrate animals (e.g., rabies virus,
Bacillus anthracis, Ebola virus, influenza
virus) that can be transmitted to humans
through direct contact, a fomite, or a vector
What is a Zoonosis?
Transfer of a disease to a human by a vector.
What is a Vector-borne Transmission?
Occurs when
victims of a common-source epidemic have
person-to-person contact with others and
spread the disease, resulting in a
propagated outbreak
What is a Mixed-Epidemic?
Person who becomes infected and ill after a disease and ill after a disease has been introduced into a population and who is infected as a result of contact with the primary case
What is a Secondary Case?
Any attempt to restore an afflicted person to
a useful, productive, and satisfying lifestyle
and to provide the highest quality of life possible, given the extent of the disease
and disability; a component of tertiary
prevention.
What is Rehabilitation?
An inanimate (nonliving) object
such as a piece of clothing, a door handle,
or a utensil that can harbor an infectious
agent and is capable of being a means of
transmission
What is a Fomite?
Transmission from an individual to its
offspring through sperm, placenta, milk, or
vaginal fluids
What is Vertical Transmission?
Occurrence of cases of
an illness, specific health-related behavior,
or other health-related events clearly in
excess of normal expectancy in a
community or region
What is an Epidemic?
An individual (or a group of individuals) who
has all the signs and symptoms of a disease
or condition but has not been diagnosed as
having the disease or has the cause of the
symptoms connected to a suspected
pathogen