Terms
What do epidemiologists label potential predictors of a certain disease?
Exposure
What are some types of epidemiologic study designs?
Cohort, case-control, ecologic, cross-sectional, experimental
What is a measure of association?
A way to quantify a relationship in a particular study design.
Who is the Father of Epidemiology?
John Snow
_________'s Critera.
Sir Bradford Hill
What is a person who has a disease labeled in epidemiologic studies?
A case.
What are the two main categories of epidemiologic studies?
Descriptive and analytic
What is RR?
Relative Risk (Risk Ratio)
Risk in the exposed population/risk in the unexposed population
What general form of epidemiology did John Snow use?
Descriptive epidemiology
What is the difference between correlation(or association) and causation?
Discuss!
What is incidence?
Which study design following study participants over an extended period of time and can measure risk?
Cohort study
What is an OR?
Odds ratio:
Odds of being exposed as a case /
odds of being exposed as a noncase
What impact to epidemiology and public health did Sir Percival Pott have?
He observed that chimney sweeps had higher incidence of scrotal cancers compared to his other patients. Based on his findings he made a recommendation to bathe at least once a week.
Name Hill's Criteria.
Strength of association
Consistency
Specificity
Temporality
Biologic Gradient (Dose-response)
Plausibility
Coherence
What is prevalence?
The number of existing cases in a population in a given period of time.
What study design looks at existing cases and calculates the odds of being exposed to something?
Case-control study
What is a confidence interval and how to epi's use them?
The interval in which your measure of association falls and tells you if your result is significant or not.
Did removing the broad street pump control and stop the cholera outbreak in London?
Probably not, but it likely prevented another swell in the outbreak.
What is the most important criteria?
Temporality
Let's talk about it!
Which observational study design is strongest and why?
Cohort - because temporality is can be accounted for in most cases. Also less potential for bias.
State the measures of association that pairs with the following study designs:
cohort study
case-control study
cross-sectional study
RR
OR
PR
What was the prevailing theory of why people were dying in London when John Snow was investigating the outbreak?
Miasma theory.
What is confounding?
Discuss!