Experimental
What is the "Gold Standard" and most scientifically rigorous study design?
Randomized controlled trials
Are cohort studies ideal for rare exposures OR rare diseases?
Rare exposures
Are case-control studies ideal for rare exposures or rare disease?
Rare disease
The American College of Health Assessment is among several of this in cross-sectional study designs.
What are examples of a cross-sectional study design?
Monitor population health
Make large scale comparisons
Study relationship between population-level exposure and disease
In areas with small numbers that can be aggregated
Disease is rare requiring aggregation of data
What is the process which subjects are assigned to study groups in a randomized controlled trial?
Randomization
Describe the differences between a prospective (longitudinal) and retrospective cohort study.
Looking back to examine exposure that is compared between cases and control.
What is a feature of case control study design?
What is the measure of association that is used in descriptive cross-sectional study designs?
Prevalence
What term describes when conclusions about group level data may not be true at the individual level
Ecologic fallacy
An intervention study's other name.
What is clinical trial?
Exposure that leads to an outcome is found in this study.
What is a cohort study?
Records from public health clinics and HMO provide this.
What are sources that cases can come from in a case-control study?
Measured at same point in time.
What are variables?
What measures of association are used in ecological studies?
Prevalence and incidence rate
Ethical issues in clinical trials
What are disadvantages in clinical trials?
What can be assessed between exposure and outcome in a cohort study?
Temporal causality or Time
Two needs in a case-control study.
Prevalence Survey
What is another name for cross-sectional study design?
Aggregate data
What distinguishes an ecologic study from other study designs?
The most common configuration of a double-blind study is?
Participant and investigator/researcher do not know who is in the treatment group and who is in the control group.
Several outcomes that can be assessed.
Limited to one outcome condition and bia.
What are weaknesses of a case-control study design?
Cross-sectional studies can NOT establish what?
Temporal causality (cannot establish time relationship between exposure and outcome)
A type of ecologic study that compares aggregate exposure and outcome data at the same time.
What is cross-sectional?