Case Concepts in Epidemiology
Someone in a population who has a specific disease, injury, disorder or condition.
What is a Case?
The prevention of a disease, condition, disorder or injury before it can even happen.
What is Primary Prevention?
A carrier who has been exposed and has a pathogen within them for an amount of time even though they may have recovered from the disease.
What is an Active Carrier?
Transmission that is not interrupted and there is an immediate transmission of an infectious agent from one individual to another individual.
What is Direct Transmission?
What is a Reservoir?
The first case of a disease within a population.
What is a Primary Case?
Health screenings and detection strategies that are used to help identify a disease, disorder, condition or injury.
What is Secondary Prevention?
Also known as a healthy carrier, they have been exposed to and has the pathogen within them however they have yet to exhibit and any signs of symptoms of the illness and has not become ill.
What is a Passive Carrier?
This type of transmission happens when one agent is carried by an intermediate item, organism, means or process to another host which results in a disease.
What is Indirect Transmission?
An invertebrate that transmits infection by carrying an infectious agent from one host to another new host.
What is a Vector?
An individual who has gotten an infection and has gotten sick due to contact with the primary case after a disease has entered a population.
What is a Secondary Case?
What is Tertiary Prevention?
A carrier who has been exposed to and has the pathogen within them but they are in the beginning phases of the disease and are starting to exhibit signs and symptoms and are able to pass the disease to someone else.
What is an Incubatory Carrier?
This means of transmission requires an arthropod to carry the infectious agent.
What is Vector-borne Transmission?
An infectious organism in vertebrate animals that can be carried to humans with direct contact.
What is Zoonosis?
A person or group of people who have the signs or symptoms of a disease, condition, disorder or injury but have yet to be diagnosed, they may be showing all the signs and symptoms connected to the suspected agent.
What is a Suspect Case?
What is Passive Primary Prevention?
A carrier who has been exposed and has the pathogen within them and can spread the disease in different locations and/or at different times.
What is an Intermittent Carrier?
This type of transmission requires an inanimate object to carry an infectious agent to a host.
What is Vehicle-borne Transmission?
Also known as a fomite, it is a nonliving object that carries the infectious agent from the reservoir to a new host.
What is a Vehicle?
The first case of a disease shown to the epidemiologist.
What is an Index Case?
Change in behavior is required from the person.
What is Active Primary Prevention?
A carrier who has a pathogen within them, while although in the recovery stage, is still infectious.
What is a Convalescent Carrier?
In this mode of disease transmission the infectious pathogen changes while within the host before it is transmitted to another host as it is apart of its natural lifecycle.
What is Biological Transmission?
Inanimate object that can have an infectious agent on it and is able to transmit the disease.
What is a Fomite?