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Epidemiology
Terms
Disease Transmission Concepts
Modes of Transmission
Types of Carriers
Chain of Infection
100
The usual prevalence of a disease in a community among a group of people.

What is an endemic?

100

Contains, spreads, or harbours an infectious organism.

What is a carrier?

100

Droplets or dust particles that carry a pathogen to the host and cause infection

What is airborne transmission?

100

An individual that has been exposed to and carries a disease causing organism - though the individual may have recovered from the disease. 

What is an active carrier?

100

Any virus, bacteria, fungus or parasite that can cause illness to an individual 

What is an infectious agent?

200

Epidemic that has spread over multiple countries

What is a pandemic?

200
Nonliving intermediary that takes infectious agent from its reservoir to a susceptible host. 

What is a vehicle?

200

Uninterrupted and immediate transfer of an infectious agent from one person to another. This mode of transmission requires the physical transfer of a pathogen.

What is direct transmission?
200

An individual that has been exposed or carries a pathogen but has not become ill from it. 

What is a passive carrier? 
200

Method in which a disease is transmitted

What is a modes of transmission?

300

The sudden increase in cases of a disease above the normally expected levels in a region

What is an epidemic?
300

An inter vertebrae animal that transits infection by conveying infectious agents from one host to another.

What is a vector?

300

Pathogens that are spread by using a host (e.g. fly, flea, or rat)

What is mechanical transmission?

300

Individual that has been exposed to a pathogen and can spread the disease in different places or at different intervals

What is an intermittent carrier?

300
Habitat of a pathogen until transferred. 

What is a reservoir? 

400
Epidemic that arises from infections transmitted from one infected person to another

What is a propagated epidemic

400

An inanimate object that can harbour an infectious agent and can assist in means of transmission.

What is a fomite?

400

An inanimate object that conveys an infectious agent to a host

What is vehicle-born transmission?
400

An individual harbouring a pathogen that is in recovery phase of the disease but still infectious

What is a convalescent carrier?

400
Pathogen entering the body of a host through a route like an oral route.

What is portal of entry?

500

Characterization of the distribution of health-related state or events

What is descriptive epidemiology?

500

An infectious organism in vertebrae animals that can be transmitted to humans via direct contact, fomite, or a vector. 

What is a zoonosis?

500

A pathogen undergoing life cycle changes prior to leaving a host through portal of exit. 

What is biological transmission?
500

An individual that harbors a pathogen in the beginning stages of the disease. Individual displays symptoms and can transmit the disease

What is an incubatory carrier?

500

Pathogen leaving a reservoir through a route like the bodily fluids if the reservoir is human.

What is portal of exit?