Epidemics, Endemics, & Pandemics
An epidemic affecting or attacking the population of an extensive region, country or continent
What is a pandemic
Individual who has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen but has not become ill or shown any signs of symptoms of the disease.
What is a healthy or passive carrier
The habitat (living or nonliving) in or on which an infectious agent lives, grows, multiplies, and on which it depends for its survival in nature
what is a reservoir
Occurs when droplets or dust particles carry the pathogen to the host and cause infection
What is airborne transmission
Preventing a disease or disorder before it happens
What is Primary Prevention
The occurrence of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or other health-related events clearly in excess of normal expectancy in a community or region
What is an epidemic
Individual who has been exposed to and harbors a disease-causing organism and who has done so for some time, even though the person may be recovered from the disease
What is an active carrier
An object such as a piece of clothing, a door handle, or a utensil that can harbor an infectious agent and is capable of being a means of transmission
What is fomite
When the pathogen undergoes change as part of its life cycle while within the host/vector and before being transmitted to the new host
What is biological transmission
Aimed at the health screening and detection activities used to identify disease
What is secondary prevention
The ongoing, usual, or constant presence of a disease in a community, or a group of people
What is an endemic
Individual who harbors a pathogen and who, although in the recovery phase of the course of the disease, is still infectious
What is a convalescent carrier
An invertebrate animal that transmits an infection by conveying the infectious agent from one host to another
What is a vector
When a pathogen spreads using a host (fly, flea, louse, rat) as a mechanism for a ride for nourishment, or as part of a physical transfer process
What is mechanical transmission
Consists of limiting any disability by providing rehabilitation when a disease, injury, or disorder has already occurred and caused damage
what is tertiary prevention
Arise from a specific source
What is a common-source epidemic
Individual who has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen, is in the beginning stages of the disease, is displaying symptoms, and has the ability to transmit the disease
What is an incubatory carrier
A nonliving intermediary such as fomite, food, or water that conveys the infectious agent from its reservoir, to a susceptible host
What is a vehicle
Related to fomites, food or water that acts as a conveyance
What is vehicle-borne transmission
Requires behavior change on the part of the individual
What is active primary prevention
Arise from infections transmitted from one infected person to another
What is a propagated epidemic
Individual who has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen and who can spread the disease in different places or at different intervals
What is an intermittent carrier
An infectious organism in vertebrate animals that can be transmitted to humans through direct contact, a fomite, or a vector
what is zoonosis
When an arthropod (mosquito, flea, tick, lice) conveys the infection agent
What is vector-borne transmission
Does not require behavior change on the part of the individual
What is passive primary prevention