Epidemiology Concepts
a field of science that studies health problems within populations.
What is Epidemiology?
is the effort to prevent a disease or disorder before it happens/spreads.
What is Primary Prevention?
is going to be the direct and immediate transfer of an agent from a host/reservoir to a susceptible host.
What is Direct Transmission?
the occurrence of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or health-related events clearly in excess of normal expectancy in a community or region.
What is an Epidemic?
is the first disease case that is brought to the attention of the epidemiologist.
What is an Index Case?
is where it involved the characterization of the distribution of health-related states or events. This would for example be like the who, what, when, and where of disease patterns.
What is Descriptive Epidemiology?
usually requires a behavior change in the individual.
What is Active Primary Prevention?
a disease that results when an agent is transferred or carried by some intermediate item, organism, means, or process to a susceptible host.
What is an Indirect Transmission?
is an epidemic that affects or attacks the population of an extensive region, country, or continent.
What is a Pandemic?
is an individual who has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen.
What is an Incubatory Carrier?
is where it involves finding and quantifying associations, testing hypotheses, and identifying causes of health-related states or events that are going on.
What is Analytic Epidemiology?
doesn’t require any behavior change on the part of the individual to prevent the disease or disorder from occurring.
What is Passive Primary Prevention?
occurs when an arthropod like a mosquito, flea, or lice, conveys the infectious agent.
What is a Vector-Borne Transmission?
refers to when the ongoing, usual, constant presence of a disease in a community or among a group of people.
What is a Endemic?
is someone who harbors the pathogen and is infectious, although they might be in the recovery phase of the disease
What is a Convalescent Carrier?
is a person in a population who has been identified for having a particular disease, injury, disorder, or condition.
What is an Case?
is aimed at the health screening and detection activities used to identify the disease.
What is Secondary Prevention?
involves an inanimate object that conveys an infectious agent to a host.
What is an Vehicle-borne Transmission?
is going to arise from a specific source.
What is a Common-source Epidemic?
is an individual who has been exposed to, harbors a pathogen and who can spread the disease in different places at different intervals.
What is an Intermittent Carrier?
is going to be a standard set of criteria that ensures that cases are going to be consistently diagnosed.
What is an Case Definition?
are the efforts to limit disability, providing rehabilitation where disease, injury, or a disorder has already occurred and caused damage.
What is an Tertiary Prevention?
is an infected person or animal that contains, spreads, or harbors an infectious organism.
What is a Carrier?
occurs when victims of a common–source epidemic have person-to-person contact with others, spreading the disease, meaning that this results in a propagated type of outbreak.
What is a Mixed Epidemic?
is the process linked by an infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host.
What is a Chain of Infection?