Basic Terms
What is epidemiology?
A field of science that studies health problems within populations.
what are modes of transmission?
Different ways in which disease is transferred
What is primary prevention
The effort to prevent a disease or disorder before it happens
What is a carrier?
Infected person or animal that contains spreads or harbors an infectious organism.
What is an ongoing, usual, or constant presence, of a disease in a community or among a group of people?
Endemic
What is a pathogen?
Organisms or substances such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, mold, or parasites can produce disease.
The direct and immediate transfer of an agent from the host/ reservoir to a susceptible host.
What is passive primary prevention?
Does not require behavior change on the part of the individual to prevent a disease or disorder from occurring (water, eating vitamin-enriched foods)
What is an incubatory carrier?
Individual who has been exposed to and harbors pathogen who is in the beginning stages of the disease.
What is chain of infection?
The process is linked by an infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host.
When an increase in the number of cases of disease occurs above what is normally expected for a given time and place.
What is an Airborne transmission?
Transfer of bacteria or viruses on dust particles or on small respiratory droplets that may become aerosolized when individuals sneeze, cough, laugh, or exhale. The transmission allows organisms that can survive for long periods outside the body and that are resistant to trying to enter the upper and lower respiratory tract. Diseases capable of this type of transmission include Enza, polio, whooping cough, tuberculosis.
What is secondary prevention?
Activities aimed at health screening and early detection to improve the likelihood of the cure and reduce the chance of disability or death
What is an intermittent carrier?
Individual who has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen and who can spread the disease at different places or intervals.
What is an Epidemiology Triangle?
Population triangle that is wide at the base and narrows thereafter, indicating high birth, and death rates.
Define Reservoir.
The habitat in or on which an infectious agent lives, grows, and multiples and on which it depends for its survival in nature.
What is a biological transmission?
Transfer of a pathogen to a susceptible hose by a vector with the pathogen undergoing reproduction, developmental changes, or both while in the vector.
What is tertiary prevention?
Efforts to limit disability by providing rehabilitation where disease, injury, or a disorder has already occurred and caused damage.
What is a convalescent carrier?
Individual who harbors a pathogen and who, although in the recovery phase of the course of the disease is still infectious.
Propagated arises from what?
Epidemic that arises from an infection transmitted from one infected person to another.
what is a pandemic?
An epidemic affecting or attacking the population of an extensive region, country, or continent
What is a vehicle-borne transmission?
Transfer of disease via a particular vehicle to a human by a vector.
What is active primary prevention?
Any attempt to restore an afflicted person to a useful, productive, and satisfying lifestyle and to provide the highest quality of life possible, given the extent of the disease and disability.
Blank one who harbors a pathogenic organism for a clinically significant time and is able to pass the infection to others.
Active Carrier
The entryway through which the pathogen or disease-causing agent enters the body defines what?
Portal of entry