Basic Concepts
Involves characterization of the distribution of health-related states or events. Is one of two methods of Epidemiology.
What is Descriptive Epidemiology?
The direct and immediate transfer of an infectious agent from one person to another. Requires physical contact between infected host and susceptible host.
What is Direct Transmission?
An individual who carries a pathogen, but has not become ill or exhibits any active symptoms.
What is a Healthy/Passive Carrier?
Preventing a disease or disorder before it happens. Consists of promoting health, educating about health, and protecting health in its best conditions.
What is Primary Prevention?
The ancient Greek physician who became known as the father of medicine and the first epidemiologist.
Who was Hippocrates?
Involves finding and quantifying associations, testing hypotheses, and identifying causes of health-related states or events. Is one of two methods of Epidemiology.
What is Analytic Epidemiology?
The transfer of an infectious agent to a susceptible host through an intermediate medium. Items, organisms, fluids, air currents, etc... are such mechanisms for infectious agent transfer.
What is Indirect Transmission?
An individual who carries a pathogen and is in the beginning stages of the disease. This individual is displaying symptoms and has the ability to transmit the pathogen to others.
What is an Incubatory Carrier?
Behavioral change is not required of the individual. Pre-existing healthy necessities are provided.
What is Passive Primary Prevention?
Advocated for strong scientific methods and empirical observations when approaching medicine and diseases.
Who was Thomas Sydenham?
Shows how the key subjects of the host, the infectious agent, the environment, and time all interact to outline disease progression in a population.
What is the Epidemiology Triangle?
The transfer of an infectious agent through droplets or dust particles in the air, which may then be breathed in by a susceptible host. Often the result of an infected host sneezing, coughing, or talking nearby a susceptible host.
What is Airborne Transmission?
An individual who carries a pathogen that is able to persist within them for some time, even after recovery from disease.
What is an Active Carrier?
Behavioral change is required of the individual. Healthy necessities must be sought out and pursued.
What is Active Primary Prevention?
The founder of modern nursing practices.
Who was Florence Nightingale?
The six general components in the Chain of Infection.
What are the infectious agent, the reservoir, the portal of exit, the mode of transmission, the portal of entry, and the susceptible host?
The transfer of an infectious agent through an arthropod carrier to a susceptible host. Such carriers include mosquitos, fleas, ticks, and lice.
What is Vector-borne Transmission?
An individual who carries a pathogen that is in the recovery phases of their disease and is still able to infect others.
What is a Convalescent Carrier?
Efforts put forward to screen, detect, and identify present diseases.
What is Secondary Prevention?
An English physician who pioneered many methods and modes of conducting epidemiological investigations.
Who was John Snow?
A level of disease that is constantly present within a populace, a level of disease that has exceeded its normal presence within a populace and spread out to new hosts, and a level of disease that has significantly spead out to an extensive population of new hosts across new regions, respectively.
What are Endemics, Epidemics, and Pandemics?
The transfer of an infectious agent through objects and materials to a susceptible host. Food, water, clothes, utensils, etc... are such carriers.
What is Vehicle-borne Transmission?
And individual who carries a pathogen and is able to spread their disease to others in different places or at different intervals.
What is an Intermittent Carrier?
Efforts made after a disease, injury, or disorder has already occurred and caused damage in a host. Efforts which revolve around the reduction of damaging progression and the rehabilitation of the person back to a positive lifestyle.
What is Tertiary Prevention?
Brough to light the importance of considering asymptomatic carriers of a disease during epidemiological investigations.
Who was Mary Mallon?