Important Terms
Widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time
What is Epidemic
Individual who has been exposed to and harbors a disease-causing organism (pathogen) and who has done so for some time
What is Active Carrier
transfer of a disease via a particular vehicle, for example, needle use.
What is Vehicle-borne Transmission?
Preventing a disease or disorder before it happens. Health promotion, health education, and health protection
What is Primary Prevention
The first disease case in the population
What is Primary Case
Mass spread of an infectious disease over a whole country or the world.
What is pandemic
Contains, spreads, or harbors an infectious organism.
What is Carrier
Transfer of a disease to a human by a vector.
What is Vector-borne Transmission
Requires behavior change on the part of the individual (e.g., begin exercising, stop smoking, reduce dietary fat intake).
What is Active Primary prevention
Persons who become infected from contact with the primary case after the disease has been introduced into the population.
What is secondary case
A disease or condition regularly found in a particular people or area
What is Endemic
Individual who harbors a pathogen and who, although in the recovery phase of the course of the disease, is still infectious.
What is Convalescent Carrier
An invertebrate animal (e.g., tick, mite, mosquito, bloodsucking fly) that is capable of transmitting an infectious agent to humans.
What is Vector
Consists of limiting any disability by providing rehabilitation when a disease, injury, or disorder has already occurred and caused damage.
What is Tertiary Prevention
The first disease case brought to the attention of the epidemiologist
What is index case
Characterization of the distribution of health-related states or events
What is Descriptive Epidemiology
Individual who has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen, is in the beginning stages of the disease, is displaying symptoms, and has the ability to transmit the disease.
What is Incubatory Carrier
Transfer of bacteria or viruses on dust particles or on small respiratory droplets that may become aerosolized when individuals sneeze, cough, laugh, or exhales
What is Airborne Transmission
Does not require behavior change on the part of the individual
What is passive primary prevention
Tool used by Epidemiologist's to address the 3 components that contribute to the spread of infectious disease
What is Epidemiology triangle
Finding and quantifying associations, testing hypotheses, and identifying causes of health-related states or events
What is Analytic Epidemiology
Individual who has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen and who can spread the disease in different places or at different intervals.
What is Intermittent Carrier
vector-borne disease transmission processes that occur when the pathogen, in order to spread, uses a host as a mechanism for a ride for nourishment, or as part of a physical transfer process.
What is Mechanical Transmission
Any attempt to restore an afflicted person to a useful, productive, and satisfying lifestyle.
What is Rehabilitation
An individual (or a group of individuals) who has all the signs and symptoms of a disease or condition but has not been diagnosed as having the disease,
What is suspect case