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Rates
Study Designs
More About Rates
Reliability and Validity
Association and Causation
100
number of people ill in the time period/number of people at risk in the time period
What is attack rate?
100
When information about demographics is analyzed and reported.
What is descriptive epidemiology?
100
Number of new cases of a disease over a period of time/population at risk of the disease in the time period
What is incidence rate?
100
This is used to to separate from a large group of apparently well persons who have a high probability of having the disease
What is screening?
100
Determined by odds ratio/relative risk
What is the strength of the association
200
Rate is equal to incidence x duration
What is prevalence?
200
Uses data retrospectively for those diagnosed with disease compared to controls
What is case-control study?
200
Total number of cases of a disease at a given time/total population at risk at a given time
What is prevalence rate?
200
People with the disease detected by screening test/total number of people tested with the disease x 100
What is sensitivity?
200
Is the best indicator of causation
What is the strength of the association?
300
deaths assigned to the specified disease during a calendar year/population at mid year x 100,000
What is cause specific mortality rate?
300
Can be relatively inexpensive
What is case control?
300
Recovery and death impact this rate
What is prevalence?
300
People without the disease who are negative to the screening test/total number of people tested without the disease x 100
What is specificity?
300
Is the least important of the criteria for determining causation
What is specificity?
400
number of deaths due to the disease in a specified time period/number of cases of the disease in the same time period x 100
What is case fatality rate?
400
Determines prevalence, not incidence
What is cross sectional?
400
deaths assigned to the disease in a certain year/total deaths in the population in the same year x 100
What is proportionate mortality ratio (PMR)?
400
When person without a disease tests positively.
What is false positive test result?
400
When different studies result in the same association despite using different designs
What is consistency?
500
all deaths during a calendar year/population at mid year x 1,000 = deaths per 1,000
What is crude mortality rate?
500
Requires IRB from participants
What is Randomized Clinical Trials?
500
Prevalence of disease at a certain point of time.
What is point prevalence?
500
Person with disease is correctly identified with disease?
What is true positive?
500
When association is established by bench science?
What is biological plausibility?