Epistemeopardy

Skepticism

100

The belief that it is impossible to know anything about the external world

What is skepticism

200

A famous philosopher whose Meditations begin with a radical doubt about all of their knowledge

Descartes

300

He said that the two hands he could wave in front of him proved the existence of the external world.

Moore

400

Evidence derived from these can be called into doubt because they have been known to deceive us. Descartes uses the example of a tower that appears small in the distance.

Senses, sense perception. 

500

His argument against Austen differentiated between defining knowing philosophically and our everyday use of the term.

Stroud

JTB

100

The traditional conception of knowledge.

Justified true belief

200

Individually, the items in the JTB are _________ conditions for saying that one possesses knowledge. Taken together they are a _________ condition for saying the same.

Necessary, sufficient.

300

A more modern philosopher who defended a version of the JTB.

Chisolm, Ayer, etc

400

The conception of knowledge as a justified true belief first appears in this Philosophers Theaetetus.

Plato

Gettier cases

100

He wrote the article Is Knowledge Justified True Belief. 

Edmund Gettier

200

Cases of this name seek to demonstrate a problem with the traditional conception of knowledge as a justified true belief.

Gettier cases

300

Gettier cases attempt to demonstrate this.

Instances where someone has a justified true belief but does not seem to possess knowledge. 

500

A version of the Gettier problem featuring a stopped clock appears in this philosophers notes written long before Gettier's article was published.

Bertrand Russell

Alternative conceptions of knowledge

200

"Knowledge is an act of intellectual virtue."

Bonjour

300

Knowledge and belief are fundamentally different. 

Prichard

400

He argued that a fourth condition must be added to the JTB. That the belief that p must stand in a causal connection with the fact that p.

Goldman

500

He substituted the justification requirement from the JTB for the idea that "If p were not true, S would not believe that p." & "If p were true, S would believe that p." 

Nozick

Potpourri

100

The most interesting reading/author from this course.

Any answer.

200

This paradox describes the circular problem that arises during attempts to define knowledge.

Seekers, Meno's, problem of the criterion. 

300

Argued that knowing and believing are distinct from one another.

Prichard.

400

Beliefs whose justification does not depend on other beliefs. 

Basic beliefs, grounding beliefs.

500

Hannah Pickard and Bertrand Russell wrote papers on this topic that we read in class.

The problem of other minds.