Biological Basis of Behavior
Legal/Ethical/Professional
Cognitive/Affective
Social/Multicultural
Mish Mash
100
A person with lesions in the parietal lobe is most likely to exhibit problems with
sensation
100
After dating a man for a month, you learn that his brother is your patient. What would be your most ethical course of action?
A. Discuss the situation with your patient, and continue treating him as long as you can establish that your objectivity is not impaired and that there is no risk of exploitation.
B. Discuss the situation with your boyfriend.
C. Terminate the relationship with your patient after making an appropriate referral and providing pre-termination counseling.
D. Discontinue the relationship with your patient's brother.
D. Discontinue the relationship with your patient’s brother
According to APA's Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct (2002), standard 10.06, psychologists may not have sexual relations with persons who are near to clients, including close relatives and significant others. In addition, psychologists may not terminate therapy with a client in order to engage in such a relationship (Response 3). Thus, Response 4 is clearly the correct response in this situation. You could not discuss the situation with your boyfriend (Response 2), because to do so would be a breach of confidentiality. The language of Response 1 applies to the issue of multiple relationships. The Ethics Code explicitly addresses sexual relations with relatives of patients; thus, the issue of multiple relationships is secondary here. Discussing the situation with your patient (Response 1), although necessary, does not address your fundamental ethical obligation.
100
_____ created a theory of cognitive development based on the idea that people increase their cognitive skill based on information taken from both the environment and biological maturation.
Piaget
100
According to the fundamental attribution error, people have a tendency to overestimate the role of dispositional factors as opposed to situational factors when explaining the behavior of others. Research in this area has shown:
A. the fundamental attribution error was an artifact of retrospective reporting.
B.the fundamental attribution error is universally found across cultural environments.
C. there are cultures in which people tend to favor situational attributions for the behaviors of others.
D. the fundamental attribution error is better understood as a special case of the self-serving bias.
C. there are cultures in which people tend to favor situational attributions for the behaviors of others.
100
A researcher develops a questionnaire intended to assess level of depression. When she calculates the reliability of this questionnaire, she obtains a coefficient of .65. What should she do about this instrument's reliability?
A. She should do nothing since .65 is acceptable.
B. She should make the items in the instrument more diverse in order to increase reliability.
C. She should use subjects who are more diverse in terms of their level of depression.
D. She should decrease the number of items in the instrument.
C. She should use subjects who are more diverse in terms of their level of depression.
The minimum acceptable value for reliability is generally .80 (ruling out Response 1). Several factors affect the reliability of the test. Increasing items increases reliability (ruling out Response 4). Test items that are more similar or homogeneous increases reliability (ruling out Response 2). Increased heterogeneity in the subjects increases reliability, as it increases the range of scores; a restricted range of scores (similar subjects) always reduces reliability.
200
Chromosomal anomalies can cause a variety of serious disorders. Which of the following disorders due to chromosomal anomalies is characterized by moderate MR, facial deformities and rapid speech?
Fragile X Syndrome
200
A client has missed the last three appointments and has not paid for the past five. You receive a letter from a state in-patient facility requesting information about the client who is now a patient there. The request includes a valid release of information. According to the Ethics Code, you are acting ethically in this situation if you:
A. notify the client that you will release the information only after an acceptable arrangement has been made for his unpaid bill.
B. agree to release only a summary of your records until an acceptable arrangement has been made for his unpaid bill.
C. provide the hospital with the information it has requested.
D. use your own discretion as to the best course of action.
C. provide the hospital with the information it has requested.
200
Which of the following would help confirm a diagnosis of Alzheimer's Dementia while ruling out a diagnosis of Dementia due to Head Trauma?
A. anterograde and retrograde amnesia appear at about the same time
B. anterograde amnesia appears first; after a period of time, retrograde amnesia appears
C. retrograde amnesia appears first and gradually worsens; after a period of time, anterograde amnesia appears
D. anterograde and retrograde amnesia appear at about the same time but the retrograde amnesia begins with impairments in recent memory and then progresses to impairments in remote memory
B. anterograde amnesia appears first; after a period of time, retrograde amnesia appears
200
What is most likely to impair individual productivity in a large work group in which the members are generally hard working?
A. Social loafing.
B. Social inhibition.
C. Deindividuation.
D. Groupthink.
A. Social loafing
If the members of a large work group are generally hard working, it is likely that some of the members will slack off, because they realize that the group has a great amount of output and that their individual contributions will not necessarily be noticed. This describes social loafing. Social inhibition (Response 2) describes the process whereby performance is impaired in the presence of others carrying out the same activity. Social inhibition has been found to occur on tasks that are novel and difficult, thus, it is not likely to impair the overall productivity of a work group. Deindividuation (Response 3) is the process of suspending one's private self-identity and adopting instead the identity of the group, is thought to play a role in aggression. In groupthink (Response 4), group members suspend their ability to think critically, and decision making is based more on maintaining a sense of cohesiveness. This question does not specifically describe a cohesive group (also, large groups are generally less cohesive). Furthermore, groupthink typically affects decision-making, and not productivity.
200
You reinforce a behavior on the average every fifth time it occurs. This is an example of a:
A. fixed interval schedule.
B. variable interval schedule.
C. fixed ratio schedule.
D. variable ratio schedule
D. Variable ratio schedule
This question requires careful reading, and knowledge of the differences between fixed and variable schedules, and between interval and ratio schedules. On a fixed schedule reinforcement is consistent, while on a variable schedule reinforcement is unpredictable. The words "on the average" indicate a variable schedule. With interval schedules, reinforcement occurs based on the passage of time (e.g., every five seconds, five minutes, five days, etc.). With ratio schedules, reinforcement is based on the occurrence of the behavior (e.g., every five times a child makes her bed).
300
Wernicke's aphasia is caused by damage to the _____ lobe.
A. Right Temporal
B. Left Temporal
C. Right Parietal
D. Left Parietal
B. Left temporal
300
In which of the following situations would an exception to the requirement for an informed consent to treatment not be an issue?
A. medical or psychological emergency
B. incompetency
C. client waiver
D. court-ordered treatment
D. Court-ordered treatment
300
Jung's theory differs from Freud's in all of the following ways except:
A. Jung's perspective reflects a more optimistic view of human nature.
B. Jung promoted a more active interchange between analyst and patient.
C. Jung conceptualized the psyche as continuing to evolve throughout the lifespan.
D. Jung replaced the concept of the ego with the concepts of the self and the ideal-self.
D. Jung replaced the concept of the ego with the concepts of the self and the ideal-self.
300
Which of the following best describes primary prevention?
•
A. Early identification of and intervention with a disease.
B. Reduction of handicapping associated with an illness.
C. Reduction of the incidence of a disorder. (correct answer)
D. Community-wide education and encouragement for behavior change.
C. Reduction of the incidence of a disorder.
Primary prevention attempts to prevent the onset of a disorder, thereby reducing the incidence of a disorder (number of new cases). For example, vaccinations are given to prevent the onset of diseases. Early identification of and intervention with a disease (Response 1) characterizes secondary prevention. Reduction of handicapping associated with an illness (Response 2) describes tertiary prevention. Community-wide education and the encouragement of behavior change (Response 4) could be involved in any type of prevention (e.g., discouraging smoking as primary prevention of lung cancer, education regarding the early signs of diabetes as secondary prevention, and discouraging prejudice toward the handicapped as tertiary prevention).
300
_______ is when an individual changes his behavior because he privately accepts and believes the attitudes or behaviors of the other person to be correct.
A. Internalization
B. Compliance
C. Identification
D. Minority Influence
A. Internalization
400
A split-brain patient would be able to do which of the following?
A. say the word "spoon" after it is projected to his left visual field
B. repeat a series of letters that have been whispered in his left ear
C. identify an odor that has been presented to his right nostril
D. identify a spoon with his left hand after an image of a spoon is projected to his left visual field
D. identify a spoon with his left hand after an image of a spoon is projected to his left visual field
400
A client you have been seeing for two months suddenly informs you that this will be his last session. You believe this is not a good time for the client to stop therapy and are concerned about the potential negative consequences of doing so. You should:
A. allow the client to quit since he has the right to do so.
B. provide the client with appropriate referrals.
C. discuss with him the reasons you believe he should continue and recommend that he re-think his decision.
D. inform him that you are not responsible for any negative consequence of terminating prematurely.
C. discuss with him the reasons you believe he should continue and recommend that he re-think his decision.
400
Rehm's self-control therapy begins with self-monitoring, which involves maintaining a daily log of:
A. positive activities.
B. automatic thoughts.
C. distressful thoughts.
D. antecedent events.
B. Automatic thoughts
400
The ______ suggests that a behavior that occurs frequently can be used to reinforce and thereby increase the occurrence of a low-frequency behavior.
A. Premack principle
B. Avoidance chaining principle
C. Reinforcement principle
D. Contingency contracts principle
A. Premack Principle
400
There are certain ways to increase external validity as well. From your knowledge about this ways, to what does the CLUSTER SAMPLING refer to?
A. ensures the sample is representative of the population
B. ensures proportional representation
C. sampling unit is a naturally occurring group
D. subjects and/or experimenter do no know purpose or which group they are in
C. Sampling unit is a naturally occurring group
500
Bupropion (Wellbutrin) is a new form of antidepressant known as a ____.
A. NDRI
B. SNRI
C. MAOI
D. SSRI
A. NDRI
500
With regard to bartering, APA's Ethics Code:
A. clearly prohibits bartering of services only.
B. clearly prohibits bartering of goods only.
C. discourages bartering unless alternative methods of payment for services are not feasible.
D. discourages bartering unless it is not clinically contraindicated and is not exploitative
D. discourages bartering unless it is not clinically contraindicated and is not exploitative
500
A woman is told that she has a serious illness for which there is no cure and that it is likely that she will die within six months. From the perspective of Kubler-Ross' stages that dying people pass through, you would expect the woman's first reaction to finding out about her prognosis to be:
A. "Why me?"
B. "The test results must be inaccurate."
C. "I must be being punished for something I did."
D. "I hate my life anyway, so what difference does it make?"
B. The test results must be inaccurate.
500
Existential and Humanistic therapies stress individuality and the capacity for growth. From your knowledge of Rogers’s Client- Centered Therapy which of the following terms is incorrectly defined?
A. Self-actualizing tendency = capacity for constructive change and self-understanding.
B. Goal = self actualization and decrease incongruence.
C. Incongruence = conflict between self-concept and experiences.
D. Congruence = honest connection between words and action.
E. Empathy = truly caring and accepting the client.
E. Empathy = truly caring and accepting the client.
500
______ suggests that people are more prone to aggression and anti-social behavior when they believe they can act anonymously.
A. Milgram
B. Sherif
C. Hovland
D. Zimbardo
D. Zimbardo