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Cognitive Psychology
Personal and Social Development
Learning in Context
Cognitive Development
Miscellaneous
100
What is one reason why a learner may not remember what they had previously learned?
Open-ended
100
This term refers to a person's perceptions, beliefs, judgments, and feelings about themselves as a person.
What is sense of self? (self-concept & self-esteem)
100
A teacher gives a student detention, hoping that the student will stop coming to class late. How would you identify this operant conditioning technique? +/- reinforcement/punishment
What is positive punishment? (negative/removal punishment/reinforcement)
100
According to Vygotsky, this is the "area" in which a child is able to perform a task with some scaffolding from others, but cannot yet complete the task on her own.
What is the zone of proximal development?
100
This parenting style is considered high in control but low in nurture.
What is Authoritarian?
200
This is the component of the human memory that holds information/input when it first enters.
What is the sensory register? (A model of human memory, p. 27).
200
These are the five temperaments that are identified and studied by developmental psychologist.
What is Activity Level, Adaptability, Emotionality, Inhibition, and Task Persistence?
200
According to social cognitive theory, individuals engage in this type of learning where they observe what happens to other people.
What is vicarious learning/observational learning?
200
Jon received some information about a tree that did not fit into his existing scheme of a tree. In order to overcome his confusion, Jon created a completely new idea of tree in his mind. According to Piaget, what process did Jon use to make sense of the information?
What is accommodation? (Assimilation, Accommodation, Equilibrium, Disequilibrium, Schemes)
200
Learners engage in this when they use mental processes (attention, elaboration, retrieval) to make sense of and respond to social events.
What is social information processing?
300
These are the three long-term memory storage processes involved in meaningful learning.
What is elaboration, organization, and visual imagery? (What is meaningful learning?)
300
This is the identity status in which the adolescent has neither explored nor committed to a single identity.
What is Identity Diffusion? (James Marcia's identity statuses)
300
To what phenomenon does this quote refer: “…knowledge is inseparable from the contexts and activities within which it develops” (Borko & Putnam, 1998, p. 38)?
Situated Learning
300
What is an ability that develops in children at the formal operations stage that was not developed in the three previous phases?
Abstract thought: hypothetical reasoning, proportional reasoning (conceptual understanding of numbers).
300
Individual engage in this when they are thinking about the thoughts, behaviors, and reactions of other people in social situations.
What is social cognition/social thinking?
400
Rehearsal is a common strategy used in this type of learning, in which meanings are not attached to information being taken in.
What is rote learning?
400
A parent has a temperament characterized by a really high activity level so she often takes her daughter skiing, snowboarding, etc. The daughter starts to partake in these sports more and more as she gets older. What kind of gene-environment correlation is this?
What is passive?
400
This theoretical perspective refers to people's collective efforts to impose meaning on the world.
What is social constructivism?
400
Piaget believed that this process from equilibrium to disequilibrium and then back to equilibrium promoted the development of complex thinking.
What is equilibration?
400
In this social interaction, an adult helps a child interpret a phenomenon or event in particular (usually culturally appropriate) ways.
What is a mediated learning experience?
500
In order for information to make it to working memory, a learner must do this with the information.
Pay attention.
500
Researcher Sandra Scarr coined this term to communicate the finding that parenting styles have, at most, only a moderate influence on children's personalities.
What is "Good Enough Parenting"?
500
These are concepts, symbols, strategies, procedures, or other culturally constructed mechanisms that help people think about and respond to situations more effectively.
What are cognitive tools?
500
According to Vygotsky, this has occured when children, first guided by parents in using certain cognitive processes, are now able to perform these processes on their own and are able to independently.
What is internalization?
500
Learners work for this when they chose to behave in a way that might bring about future reinforcement.
What is an incentive?