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Behavioral Views of Learning
Social Cognitive Views of Learning and Motivation
Motivation in Learning and Teaching
Intelligence
Learner Differences and Learning Needs
100
Decreasing the chances that a behavior will occur again by presenting an aversive stimulus following the behavior
What is Presentation Punishment or Type 1 Punishment or Positive Punishment
100
This is a person’s sense of being able to deal effectively with a particular task
What is Self-Efficacy
100
An internal state that arouses, directs, and maintains behavior
What is motivation
100
Ability or abilities to acquire and use knowledge for solving problems and adapting to the world
What is intelligence
100
Preferred ways of studying and learning, such as using pictures instead of text, working with other people versus alone, learning in structured or in unstructured situations, and so on
What are learning preferences
200
A reminder that follows a cue to make sure the person reacts to the cue
What is a prompt
200
This increases the chances that we will repeat a behavior by observing another person being reinforced for that behavior
What is vicarious reinforcement
200
Maslow’s three higher-level needs, sometimes called growth needs
What are being needs
200
Gardner's theory of intelligences
What is the Theory of Multiple Intelligences
200
Very bright, creative, and talented students
What are gifted and talented students
300
Principle stating that a more-preferred activity can serve as a reinforcer for a less-preferred activity
What is Premack Principle
300
Changes in behavior, thinking, or emotions that happen through observing another person
What is modeling
300
Maslow’s four lower-level needs, which must be satisfied first
What are deficiency needs
300
Score comparing mental and chronological ages
What is the intelligence quotient (IQ)
300
This act guaranteed a free public education to all children regardless of disability
What is the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA)
400
A contract between the teacher and a student specifying what the student must do to ear a particular reward or privilege
What is a contingency contract
400
A view of learning as skills and will applied to analyzing learning tasks, setting goals, and planning how to do the task, applying skills, and especially making adjustments about how learning is carried out.
What is self-regulated learning
400
Descriptions of how individuals’ explanations, justifications, and excuses influence their motivation and behavior
What are attribution theories
400
In intelligence testing, a performance that represents average abilities for that age group
What is mental age
400
This is an annually revised program for an exceptional student, detailing present achievement level, goals, and strategies, drawn up by teachers, parents, specialists, and ( if possible) the student.
What is an Individualized Education Program (IEP)
500
The best method for this is to be sure that it is soft and private
What are reprimands
500
This is an explanation of behavior that emphasizes the mutual effects of the individual and the environment on each other
What is Triarchic Reciprocal Causality
500
Students who focus on learning goals because they value achievement and see ability as improvable
What are mastery-oriented students
500
A three-part description of the mental abilities (thinking processes, coping with new experiences, and adapting to context) that lead to more or less intelligence behavior
What is the Triarchic Theory of Successful Intelligence
500
Teaching children with disabilities in regular classes for part or all of their school day
What is mainstreaming