Basics
Equilibrium occurs in what type of system?
A closed system
What are the 4 states specific to equilibrium?
Solid, liquid, gas, aqueous
When writing out an expression, what is the balancing of a substance used for?
The exponent on the concentration.
What does ICE stand for?
Initial, Change, Equilibrium
When a _____ is applied, the equilibrium reaction starts again.
Stress
Can equilibrium reactions reach 100%?
No, that is a quantitative reaction, not an equilibrium reaction.
What state(s) is not included in writing the equilibrium expression?
Solids, one liquid
In writing the law, square brackets are used to indicate ______?
Concentration
Concentrations in ICE tables are always in what units?
mol/L
What are the 3 types of stress that can affect equilibrium?
Concentration, temperature, pressure
What are the empirical (macroscopic) properties of equilibrium reactions?
Temperature, pressure, color, pH
What state(s) is included in writing the equilibrium expression?
Gases, aqueous states, 2 or more liquids
If K>1, _____ is favored. If K<1, _______ is favored. If you have 1/K, the reaction is_______.
Product
Reactants
Reversed
If not given an initial concentration of a substance, it can be assumed to be _______?
0 mol/L
If a container is heater, the reaction shifts ________. If a container is cooled, the reaction shifts ________.
away from the energy
towards the energy
What is missing from the following reaction to make it an equilibrium reaction?
H2+I2 -> 2HI
States and equilibrium arrows
Which of the following would be included in the law?
CuCl4(aq) + 4 H2O(l) <-> Cu(H2O)4(aq) + 4Cl(aq)
CuCl4, Cu(H2O)4, Cl
What is the expression based on the following reaction?
3NO2(g) + H2O(l) <-> 2NO3(aq) + NO(g)
K = [NO3]2[NO]/[NO2]3
If one side of the table goes up in concentration, the other side must_______?
Go down in concentration
If pressure is increased, the reaction shifts ______.
If pressure is decreased, the reaction shifts _______.
to the side with the least amount of gases
to the side with the most amount of gases
Why do equilibrium arrows point in both directions?
To indicate the reaction can react in either direction.
Which state is commonly referred to as 'the lone star state'?
Texas
Given the following information, are products or reactants favored?
3NO2(g) + H2O(g) <-> 2NO3(aq) + NO(g)
[NO] = 2.6x10-7
[H2O] = 4.1x10-6
[NO3] = 7.1x10-8
[NO2] = 6.5x10-6
Reactants are favored because K<1
How does balancing affect the change in an ICE table?
The change value is multiplied by the balancing of a substance.
H2BO3 + H2PO4 <-> HPO4 + H3BO3
The above reaction has established equilibrium. Upon reaching equilibrium, H2PO4 was removed and the reaction started again. Which way did the reaction shift?
Left, towards the reactants.