Ordeal of Reconstruction
What were black codes?
Laws that were passed to restrict people of color's power and freedom like the right to vote and own property. They were attempts to assert white supremacy and continue the life of antebellum south
What is the difference between hard money and soft money?
Hard money: money raised for a certain candidate and spent according to the law
Soft money: money raised apart from the federal government and can be given to any candidate
How was the Transcontinental Railroad able to be built? What year was it completed?
The government gave land subsidies to the railroad companies and as long as they created railroads, the government would give these companies land. The Transcontinental was completed in 1869.
What was the Dawes Severalty Act and how did it affect Native Americans?
The act allowed the government to break up tribal lands and partition them. This destroyed the culture and the life of the Native Americans.
What was the Great Rapprochement?
The treaty with the US and UK to work together and combine their political, military, and economic objectives.
What is the importance of the 14th Amendment and the 15th Amendment?
14th Amendment defines citizenship and grants equal protection under the law for all (people of color were now citizens)
15th Amendment gave the right to vote regardless of race
What happened in the Tilden-Hayes election of 1876? What is the controversy?
Tilden won the popular vote, but the electoral vote was disputed in three states. Because of this, Congress took control and gave the election to Hayes where he immediately removed the troops from the South and ended Reconstruction.
What led to the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887? What was it?
It was caused by anger over the unfair railroad rates and it regulated the railroad companies and the prices they were charging.
What is the importance of the dividing line of the 100th Meridian?
The dividing line separated east and west America and the different economies that were practiced in the different states in the country
What happened in the annexation of Hawaii?
What is the southern idea of scalawags and carpetbaggers?
Scalawags: people from the south who supported the Republican plan of Reconstruction
Carpetbaggers: Northerners who moved to the south and supported the Republican plan for Reconstruction. They were believed to want to rise to power and wealth in the South
How did sharecropping trap many former slaves in the same conditions they were in during slavery?
Sharecropping is when former slaves work for their former masters and are constantly in debt as they only get a fraction of money for the crops they farm, they cannot work for anyone else, and they cannot sell any of the food they grow.
What is the difference between the terms robber baron and captains of industry?
Robber barons were the controllers of the monopolies that were shed in a negative light as they stole from the poor and used others without high pay to make themselves rich.
Captains of industry were the controllers of the monopolies that were shed in a positive light as they helped advance the United States in unforeseeable ways and changed the entire economy and technology of the country.
What was the extent of federal land ownership, especially in the Western states?
The government owned a lot of land and was able to sell it and grant subsidies to monopolies that would boost the economics of the country.
What did Secretary of State John Hay declare in the Open Door note about US policy toward China?
The Open Door note said that there was now a secure international agreement promoting equal opportunity for international trade and commerce in China and respect for China's administrative and territorial integrity.
What was the Ku Klux Klan's reasoning for forming and their main message?
The Ku Klux Klan was formed in 1865 in Tennessee and was a tool to resist reconstruction policies and keep people of color inferior to white people
What led to the Chinese Exclusion Act? What was it?
What did the Sherman Antitrust Act prohibit?
The Sherman Antitrust Act prohibited any contract, trust, or conspiracy in restraint of interstate or foreign trade.
What was the Pullman Strike and how did President Cleveland respond to it?
What was the Roosevelt Corollary?
The corollary stated that the nations of the Western Hemisphere were not open to colonization by European powers and that the United States could involve itself in Latin American countries' governments when "necessary".
On what grounds did Republicans impeach Johnson?
He fired Edwin Stanton who was protected under the Tenure of Office Act. The verdict was a difference of one vote
What did Plessy v. Ferguson determine?
Plessy v. Ferguson upheld state-impose Jim Crow laws and it gave a legal basis for racial segregation as long as the facilities were equal. As shown in the phrase "separate but equal"
What happened at Haymarket Square and how did it tarnish the reputation of the Knights of Labor and labor unions in general?
At Haymarket Square, an anarchist threw a bomb into the middle of a labor union rally and killed many people and police officers. The union was the Knights of Labor and it tarnished their reputation and labor unions in general because it painted them as violent and against the good of the people.
Who wanted inflation to occur and why?
The farmers, Democrats, Populist parts, westerners, southerners, Free Silver Movement, and the Greenback Party wanted inflation to occur because these people represented the poor population of the country. With more money circulating, they could sell their goods for more and support their family. With deflation, they were in debt because the goods they had to buy didn't change in price.
Why did Teddy Roosevelt get the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906 after the Russo-Japanese War?
Roosevelt called the conference and helped draft the treaty for peace (The Treaty of Portsmouth) between the two countries