Understanding
A renowned developmental psychologist, proposed a theory of psychosocial development that spans from infancy to late adulthood.
Who is Erik Erickson
Adolescence
12-18 years
Identity versus identity confusion
Hope
During this stage, the infant is uncertain about the world in which they live and looks towards their primary caregiver for stability and consistency of care.
Love
During this stage, the major conflict centers on forming intimate, loving relationships with other people.
Maslow proposed a series of motivational stages, each building on the previous one (i.e., cannot progress without satisfying the previous stage).
Erikson proposed a series of predetermined stages related to personality development. The stages are time related.
Infancy
0-1 year
Basic trust versus mistrust
Young adulthood
19-29 years
Intimacy versus isolation
Will
According to Erikson, children at this stage are focused on developing a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence.
Care
During this stage, individuals focus more on building our lives, primarily through our careers, families, and contributions to society.
Progression through the stages is based on life circumstances and achievement (i.e., it is flexible).
Progression through the stages is based a person’s age (i.e., rigid). During each stage an individual attains personality traits, either beneficial or pathological.
Toddler
1-3 years
Autonomy versus shame and doubt
Middle age
30-64 years
Generativity versus stagnation
Purpose
During the initiative versus guilt stage, children assert themselves more frequently through directing play and other social interaction.
Wisdom
It is during this time that we contemplate our accomplishments and can develop integrity if we see ourselves as leading a successful life.
There is only one goal of achievement, although not everyone achieves it.
The goal of achievement vary from stage to stage and involve overcoming a psychosocial crisis.
Preschool-age
3-6 years
Initiative versus guilt
Older adulthood
65+ years
Integrity versus despair
Competence
In this stage, children start to compare themselves with their peers to gauge their abilities and worth.
People can relate to Erickson's theories about various life cycle stages through their own experiences.
True/False
True- Erikson’s theory has good face validity.
Individuals move up the motivational stages / pyramid in order to reach self-actualisation. The first four stages are like stepping stones.
Successful completion of each stage results in a healthy personality and the acquisition of basic virtues. Basic virtues are characteristic strengths used to resolve subsequent crises.
School-age
7-11 years
Industry versus inferiority
Erikson suggested that these stages may overlap.
True or False
True -A stage you don't master may extend into other stages later in life.
Fidelty
During this stage, adolescents search for a sense of self and personal identity, through an intense exploration of personal values, beliefs, and goals.
Psychology has not reconceptualized how the later periods of life are viewed.
True/False
False- Middle and late adulthood are no longer viewed as irrelevant, because of Erikson, they are now considered active and significant times of personal growth.
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs differ from Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development.
True/False
True- only the time stages have similarities