Civil Rights 1
On January 1, 1863 it was issued by President Lincoln and freed slaves in the Confederacy.
What is the Emancipation Proclamation
In 1865, it was added to the Constitution to abolish slavery in the United States.
What is the 13th Amendment
In 1955, she refused to give up her seat at the front of the "colored section" of a bus in Montgomery, Ala., to a white passenger, defying a southern custom of the time. As a result, she was arrested.
Who is Rosa Parks
This group of black students were sent to the formerly all-white Central High School in Little Rock, Ark. They were blocked from entering the school on the orders of Arkansas Governor Orval Fabus. President Eisenhower sent federal troops and the National Guard to intervene on behalf of the students, but a federal judge granted an injunction against the governor's use of National Guard troops to prevent integration. They were withdrawn on Sept. 20, 1957.
Who are the Little Rock Nine
In 1963, more than 250,000 people joined the March on Washington. Congregating at the Lincoln Memorial, participants listened as this Civil Rights leader delivered his national-renowned speech.
Who is Martin Luther King and his "I have a dream" speech
On March 6, 1857, what case did the U.S. Supreme Court rule in that denied citizenship and constitutional rights to all black people, legally establishing the race as "subordinate, inferior beings -- whether slave or freedmen."
What is the Dred Scott Case
In 1875, this Act prohibited such cases of racial discrimination and guaranteed equal access to public accommodations regardless of race or color.
What is the Civil Rights Act
This case gave a broad interpretation of "equal but separate" accommodations with reference to "white and colored people" legitimizing "Jim Crow" practices throughout the South.
What is Plessy v. Ferguson
The decision in this landmark case overturned the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson ruling that said "separate educational facilities were inherently unequal."
What is the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas
In 1955, while visiting family in Mississippi, this fourteen-year-old from Chicago Emmett was kidnapped, brutally beaten, shot and dumped in the Tallahatchie River for allegedly whistling at a white woman.
Who is Emmett Till
In 1909, this organization was founded by a multi-racial group of activists in New York, N.Y. Initially, the group called themselves the National Negro Committee. Founders included Ida Wells and W.E.B. DuBois, the call to renew the struggle for civil and political liberty
What is the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
He was an NAACP attorney who argued in the Brown v. Board of Education case and won. He later returned to the Supreme Court as the nation's first African-American Supreme Court justice.
Who is Thurgood Marshall
SNCC
What is the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee/Student National Coordinating Committee
In 1963, more than 250,000 people join in this event. Congregating at the Lincoln Memorial, participants listened as Martin Luther King delivered his famous "I Have a Dream" speech.
What is the March on Washington
It was added to the Constitution in 1964 to abolish the poll tax, which had originally been instituted in 11 southern states, making it difficult for blacks to vote.
What is the 24th Amendment
He was the NAACP Branch president who successfully led an armed self-defense of the home of the branch vice president and Monroe, N.C.'s black community from an armed attack by a Ku Klux Klan motorcade. He was recognized as a dynamic leader and key figure in the American South where he promoted a combination of nonviolence with armed self-defense, authoring the widely read "Negroes With Guns" in 1962.
Who is Robert F. Williams
In 1960, four black university students from N.C. A&T University began a sit-in at a segregated F.W. Woolworth's lunch counter in this place. Although they were refused service, they were allowed to stay at the counter. The event triggered similar nonviolent protests throughout the South. Six months later, the original four protesters are served lunch at the same Woolworth's counter. Student sit-ins would be an effective tactic throughout the South in integrating parks, swimming pools, theaters, libraries and other public facilities.
What is Greensboro, NC
In 1960, President Kennedy issued Executive Order 10925, prohibiting discrimination in federal government hiring on the basis of race, religion or national origin and establishing this Committee. They were immediately directed to scrutinize and study employment practices of the United States government and to consider and recommend additional affirmative steps for executive departments and agencies.
What is the Equal Employment Opportunity Committee (EEOC)
In 1960, this organization was founded at Shaw University in Raleigh, N.C., providing young blacks with a more prominent place in the civil rights movement. It later grew into a more radical organization under the leadership of Stokely Carmichael (1966-1967) and H. Rap Brown (1967-1998).
What is the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee/Student National Coordinating Committee
President Johnson signed this Act in 1964. It was the most sweeping civil rights legislation since Reconstruction, and it prohibited discrimination of all kinds based on race, color, religion or national origin and transform American society.
What is the Civil Rights Act of 1964
In 1963, this 37-year-old Mississippi NAACP field secretary was murdered outside his home in Jackson, Miss. Byron De La Beckwith was tried twice in 1964, both trials resulting in hung juries. Thirty years later, he was convicted of murdering this 37-year-old.
Who is Medgar Evers
It was organized in 1964 by the Council of Federated Organizations (COFO), a coalition of four civil rights organizations: The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC); the Congress on Racial Equality (CORE); the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). The project was to carry out a unified voter registration program in the state of Mississippi.
What is the Freedom Summer Project
In 1964, the bodies of three civil-rights workers - two white, one black - were found in an earthen dam. The men had been working to register black voters in Mississippi, and on June 21, went to investigate the burning of a black church. They were arrested by the police on speeding charges, incarcerated for several hours, and released after dark into the hands of the this organization, who murdered them.
What is the KKK
Under protection of a federalized National Guard, voting rights advocates left Selma on March 21, and stood 25,000 strong on March 25 before the state capitol in Montgomery. As a direct consequence of these events, the U.S. Congress passed this Act in 1965, guaranteeing every American 21 years old and over the right to register to vote.
What is the Voting Rights Act of 1965
On this day in 1965, blacks began a march to Montgomery in support of voting rights but were stopped at the Edmund Pettus Bridge by a police blockade in Selma, Ala. State troopers and the Dallas County Sheriff's Department, some mounted-on horseback, awaited them. In the presence of the news media, the lawmen attacked the peaceful demonstrators with billy clubs, tear gas and bull whips, driving them back into Selma.
What is Bloody Sunday