Trust vs. Mistrust
What is the primary virtue developed in the trust vs. mistrust stage?
Trust
What is the primary challenge faced by toddlers in the autonomy vs. shame and doubt stage?
Developing a sense of autonomy.
What is the primary virtue developed in the initiative vs. guilt stage?
Purpose
What is the central conflict in the industry vs. inferiority stage?
Competence
What is the primary task in the identity vs. role confusion stage?
Fidelity
Name one factor that contributes to the development of trust in infants.
Responsive and consistent caregiving
Provide an example of a task that encourages the development of autonomy in toddlers.
Dressing themselves, feeding, or choosing between options.
Give an example of an activity that allows children to express initiative.
Taking on a new project, exploring new activities, or suggesting ideas.
Provide an example of a task that contributes to a child’s sense of industry.
Completing school assignments, learning a musical instrument, or participating in sports.
Provide an example of an identity-related challenge faced by teenagers.
Career choices, personal values, or defining one’s beliefs.
How can caregivers help infants build a sense of trust during this stage?
Meeting the baby’s needs promptly, providing comfort, and showing affection.
How do parents or caregivers play a role in supporting a toddler’s autonomy?
Allowing them to make choices within safe boundaries and encouraging independence.
How can parents foster a sense of initiative while avoiding unnecessary guilt in children?
Encouraging them to explore, try new things, and providing positive reinforcement.
How can teachers support children in developing a positive sense of industry?
Recognizing and praising effort, providing challenges, and fostering a growth mindset.
How can parents support their teenagers in exploring and establishing their identities?
Allowing exploration, providing guidance, and being open to discussions about identity.
What are the potential consequences if an infant does not successfully navigate the trust vs. mistrust stage?
Difficulties forming relationships, fear of dependence or avoidance of close relationships.
What are the consequences of excessive criticism or restriction during this stage?
Development of self-doubt, reluctance to try new things, or excessive dependence.
What happens if a child experiences excessive guilt during this stage?
Fear of punishment, reluctance to take initiative, or development of anxiety.
What are the potential consequences of a child feeling inferior during this stage?
Feelings of inadequacy, low self-esteem, or a lack of motivation to achieve.
What are the risks of unresolved identity issues during adolescence?
Identity crisis, confusion about one’s role in society, or difficulty forming stable relationships.
Explain how consistent and responsive caregiving fosters trust in infants.
It establishes a secure attachment and helps the infant develop a positive view of the world.
Explain how the development of autonomy contributes to a toddler’s sense of self.
Autonomy builds a foundation for self-esteem and a healthy sense of identity.
Explain the importance of a healthy balance between initiative and guilt in childhood.
Striking a balance helps children become capable and responsible individuals.
Discuss the role of positive reinforcement in fostering a child’s sense of industry.
Positive reinforcement and recognition contribute to a child’s sense of competence.
Explain the importance of peer relationships in the identity vs. role confusion stage.
Peer relationships provide support, influence identity exploration, and help establish a sense of self.