Interlingual Errors
What is negative transfer?
When a learner’s L1 influences their L2 in a way that causes incorrect usage
What is intralanguage?
Intralanguage is the variation or difference found within a single language, such as differences in accent, vocabulary, or grammar within that language itself
What are contextual factors in Second Language Learning?
Contextual factors are external conditions that influence how and why learners make errors in a second language
Avoiding problematic words by substituting with simpler or more regular words
Semantic Avoidance
Which type of error involves incorrect pronunciation, stress, intonation, or sounds of the target language?
Phonological error
Give one example of an interlingual error made by a Spanish speaker learning English
Saying “She has 20 years” instead of “She is 20 years old”, because in Spanish we say “Ella tiene 20 años.”
What linguistic aspects can intralanguage involve?
Intralanguage can involve accent (phonology), vocabulary (lexicon), grammar (syntax), and spelling variations within the same language
Mention any type of contextual factors
Learning environment, feedback, cultural context, teaching methods
Which strategy involves a learner using gestures or facial expressions to help explain meaning?
Non-verbal Strategies
Error in meaning, such as using "actual" to mean "current"
Semantic error
How can a teacher identify whether a student’s mistake is interlingual rather than intralingual?
By comparing the error to the learner’s first language structure
The process in which certain incorrect forms become fixed or habitual despite exposure to correct forms
Fossilization
How does first language (L1) influence error production in a second language (L2)?
Learners apply L1 grammar or pronunciation patterns to the L2
What do we call it when a learner creates a new word because they do not know the correct one?
Word Coinage
Error related to the wrong choice of words or using a word incorrectly
Lexical error
Why do interlingual errors tend to occur more frequently in the early stages of second language learning?
Because beginners rely heavily on their first language to understand and produce the new language
What is intralanguage transfer?
This process occurs when learners make errors related to the internal rules of the second language, not influenced by their native language
Why is interaction and feedback important in reducing language errors?
They help learners notice and fix their mistakes through real communication and correction.
Which strategy is used when learners ask their conversation partner to repeat, explain, or help with a word?
Asking for Clarification
Which type of error involves incorrect language use in social contexts?
Pragmatic error
Teachers can reduce interlingual errors by using this method that compares the learner’s first language and the target language to predict problems
Contrastive Analysis
This is a common type of intralingual error where a learner applies a rule too broadly. For example, applying the regular past tense "-ed" rule to an irregular verb, leading to "goed" instead of "went" or "comed" instead of "came"
Overgeneralization
They affect confidence and comfort; fear or anxiety can increase mistakes.
Cultural and social contexts
What is it called when a learner uses other words to explain something because they don't know the exact word?
Circumlocution
Using "She go to school yesterday" instead of "She went to school"
Morphosyntactic error