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The general name for a mass of underground volcanic rock
What is an igneous intrusion?
The earthquake scale used to publish a ShakeMap
What is the modified Mercalli scale?
Deposits of sand and mineral fragments that cover most Earth's surface
What are sediments?
The middle of the earth's three main layers
What is the mantle?
The type of mountain that forms when molten rock erupts from a hole in the earth's crust
What is a volcanic mountain?
The point on the earth's surface directly above where an earthquake begins
What is the epicenter?
The bowl-shaped hollow formed by the collapse of an underground magma chamber
What is a caldera?
Consists primarily of erupted volcanic ash and rock fragments held loosely together
What is a cinder-cone volcano?
The boundary line between the crust and the mantle
What is Moho (Mohorovicic discontinuity)?
Lava in water solidifies almost instantly, forming rounded structures
What is pillow lava?
The actual underground source of a volcanic eruption
What is the magma chamber?
Smaller earthquakes that often follow a larger earthquake at frequent intervals
What are aftershocks?
The inner core of the earth is thought to be this
What is solid?
The earth's outer layer made of solid rock
What is the crust?
The study of the earth
What is geology?
The point deep in the earth where an earthquake begins
What is the hypocenter?
Molten rock pushes up overlying rock layers without reaching the surface
What is how domed mountains form?
Volcano that probably will not erupt again
What is an extinct volcano?
An opening in the earth's surface through which hot gases, ash, and molten rock are ejected from the earth's interior
What is a volcano?
Hardened lava that forms rough, jagged rocks with a crumbly texture
What is AA?
The fastest type of earthquake waves
What are P waves?
The way the Ring of Fire provides evidence for plate tectonics
What is that most volcanoes appear to be located along subduction zones?
The large almond-or teardrop-shaped pieces of ejecta formed when lava solidifies after being thrown high into the air
What is a volcanic bomb?
The most abundant element in the earth's crust
What is oxygen?
Solid particles less than 2 mm in diameter
What is volcanic ash?