Heart Anatomy and Function
Blood is received by the heart through these veins, the largest in the body.
What is/are the superior and inferior vena cava?
This component of blood is made of 90% water and increases with exercise training, particularly heat acclimation.
What is blood plasma?
Cardiac output (Q) is calculated as this:
What is HR x stroke volume?
During exercise, blood flow is diverted here
What is/are the working muscle(s)?
Increases in maximal cardiac output with training are due to an increase in this component of Q.
What is stroke volume?
These connect heart cells together to allow them to contract together as a functional syncytium.
What are intercalated discs?
This is the formula for mean arterial pressure.
What is MAP ~= 2/3(diastolic BP) + 1/3(systolic BP) ?
This is the neurotransmitter released by sympathetic nerves at the heart.
What is norepinephrine?
Diastolic blood pressure changes this way with aerobic exercise.
Stays the same or slightly decreases.
This heart chamber increases thickness with aerobic training.
What is the left ventricle?
This ECG waveform represents ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization.
What is the QRS complex?
These receptors in arteries, including the carotid artery and arch of the aorta, detect changes in pressure and send signals to the brain to adjust blood pressure.
What are baroreceptors?
This term refers to the variations in time between consecutive R waves on an ECG.
What is heart rate variability?
This is the Fick equation for oxygen consumption at the tissue.
What is Q x (a-v)O2 difference?
With training, this happens to HR at the same submaximal, absolute exercise intensity.
What is decreases?
The inherent rhythm of the heart is kept at approximately _____ and is regulated by ______
What is 100bpm and the SA node?
An increase in these endothelial factors (name one) can decrease vessel resistance.
What are nitric oxide, prostaglandins, or EDHF?
As exercise continues, this phenomenon occurs as stroke volume decreases and heart rate rises.
What is cardiovascular drift?
With exercise training, there is a decrease in what characteristic of the blood as a result of increased blood volume?
What is plasma viscosity?
This adaptation to aerobic training allow for increased blood flow to the active muscle.
What is increased capillarization (capillary density)?
The greatest ventricular pressure is observed during this phase of the cardiac cycle.
What is ventricular systole?
This is the general formula for blood flow.
What is Blood Flow = (delta P)/R?
An increased EDV causes an increased contraction strength from greater stretching of the heart, known as this.
What is the Frank-Starling mechanism?
This term refers to the greater vasodilation that occurs in vessels supplying the active muscles relative to the stimulus for vasoconstriction sent from the sympathetic nervous system.
What is functional sympatholysis?
The greater plasma volume experienced with training allows for an increase in this, another term for preload.
What is end diastolic volume? (EDV)