Breathing
This muscle contracts during inspiration to increase lung volume and create a pressure gradient.
What is the diaphraghm?
According to Boy's law, as lung volume increases, what happens to pressure?
This is the site of greatest PO2 in the body.
What is/are the alveoli?
During heavy exercise, this happens to (a-v)O2 difference.
What is increases?
What are z-lines/z-disks?
The site of gas exchange in the lungs.
What are the alveoli?
Because this gas has a higher diffusion constant, a lower pressure gradient is required for this gas to diffusion across a membrane.
What is carbon dioxide?
At a region of low PO2, this happens to the amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin.
What is unloading/decrease oxygen binding to hemoglobin?
Most oxygen in the blood is bound to this protein.
What is hemoglobin?
The thick filament _______ attaches to the thin filament _______ in the sliding filament theory.
What are myosin and actin?
This pulmonary volume represents the amount of air remaining in the lungs after maximal expiration
What is residual volume?
This law states the total air pressure is the sum of the partial pressures of each major gas (nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide).
Dalton's law
Exercise metabolism would cause a decreased partial pressure of this gas, thus increasing the pressure gradient for this gas between the arteries and the tissue.
What is oxygen?
This protein carries oxygen in the muscle and releases oxygen at very low PO2.
What is myoglobin?
These motor units are recruited first as someone gradually increases their force production.
What are small motor units innervating type I fibers.
This lung value represents the greatest amount of air that can be expired after a maximal inspiration.
Vital capacity
This law states gasses dissolve in liquids in proportion to their partial pressure.
Henry's law
In room air and at standard atmospheric pressure, this gas has the greatest partial pressure.
What is nitrogen?
An increase in body temperature and a decrease in pH cause a rightward shift in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve, a phenomenon known as this.
What is the Bohr effect?
Calcium binds here to initiate muscle contraction.
Swimming requires a greater work of breathing due to this force that the lungs must overcome to expand.
What is hydrostatic pressure?
According to Fick's law, the rate of diffusion is proportional to the _____ and ________
What is surface area and partial pressure gas gradient?
An increase in this will decrease the ability of a gas to diffuse through a membrane.
What is tissue thickness?
Carbon dioxide combines with water and dissociates into this biochemical buffer in the body.
What is bicarbonate?
During excitation-contraction coupling, this neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction to bind to receptors on the plasmalemma.
What is acetylcholine?