Court Cases
the court case that ruled public schools must reach the guidelines and criteria for their ESL program
What is Constaneda v. Picard? 1978
the theory that states students learn based on the consequences of their actions
What is Skinner's Behaviorism theory (1957) (aka operant condition)
the psycological barrier that we are said to have by Stephen Krashen that affects how open we are to learning (low = more likely to learn, high = less likely to learn)
What is affective filter?
The ability to hear, identify,and manipulate the individual sounds, phonemes, in oral language
What is phonological awareness?
the PLD (proficiency level descriptor) that describes a student with low L2 ability that needs a lot of support
what is beginner?
What is Brown v. Board of Education?
the theory that states students have an innate ability to acquire language skills
What is Innatism/Nativism? (Chomsky 1950s)
the relationship between phonemes and graphemes (sounds and letters)
the vocabulary of a language
What is lexicon?
the PLD that describes the student that has basic/simple L2 ability and needs support
What is Intermediate?
the court case that ruled bilingual education cannot be outlawed
What is Meyer v. Nebraska? 1923
the theory that says children learn through experience and interaction (play with language and build on previous experiences)
What is Piaget's Constructivist Theory? (1971)
The study of linguistic meanings, such as synonyms, antonyms, and homonyms
grammar (the set of rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences, includes phrases, clauses, and sentences)
What is syntax?
the PLD that describes a student with advanced L2 ability and needs some support
What is Advanced?
the court case that ruled that public schools must have some sort of proficient bilingual program
What is Lau v. Nichols? 1974
the theory that emphasized the importance of social interaction and cultural context
What is Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory? (1920s-1930s)
Words from different languages that are spelled the same or nearly the same but have different meanings
What are false cognates?
the study of words and how they're formed
What is morphology? Morphemes are the individual units that have meaning (ex: prefix and suffix)
the PLD that describes a student with high L2 ability needing minimal support
What is Advanced High?
The case that stated that segregation in public schools is legal (separate but equal)
What is Plessy v. Ferguson? 1896
Vygotsky says that this is what students can do with the help of a teacher (within their means of learning)
What is zone of proximal development?
when sentences can be interpreted more than one way due to grammar
What is syntactic ambiguity?
The subject performs an action on itself (myself, himself, herself, ourselves, themselves, yourself, yourselves)
What is a reflexive pronoun?
Helps when speaking about the ability to make requests and offers (ex: can, could, may, might, must, shall)
What are modal verbs?
the court case that declared all children are entitled to a free public education regardless of immigrant status (undocumented children have a right to a free public education)
What is Plyer v. Doe? 1982
the theory that prioritizes the development of the person as a whole, including emotional well-being and personal growth
What is Humanism? (Carl Rogers 1970ish)
helps the main verb express action or a state of being (ex: am, is, was, were, be, being, been)
What is an auxiliary verb?
Starts a clause (ex: who, which, that)
What is a relative pronoun?
connects the subject to a word or word group that identifies or describes the subject (ex: become, feel, look, sound)
What are linking verbs?