Which two words on the final exam Key Vocabulary list are antonyms?
Permanent and Temporary
100
What are the 2 main types of language variation?
Between-group variation and variation within the individual
100
Repeat this sentence 3 times, as fast as you can:
"Cerebral lateralization localizes language in the left hemisphere"
Lucky for you, the final exam is not a speaking test ...
100
TRUE or FALSE: Rich, well-educated children learn their L1 better than poor, uneducated children. Explain your answer.
FALSE! L1 acquisition has a universal, 100% success rate
100
Does this sentence need a preposition? If yes, what is it?
"I agree _______ the critical period theory."
With
200
Define “utterance” and give two other forms of the word.
Something that a person says.
utter / utterer
200
Give an example of style shifting in English or your own language.
ANSWERS MAY VARY.
200
According to the critical period theory, why is the acquisition of native-speaker pronunciation biologically possible only until the age of 12?
Because the process of cerebral lateralization is completed around the age of 12
200
Most of the time, how do caregivers respond to children’s speech?
CDS is similar to speech used with adults. Caregivers respond naturally to children’s utterances and do not correct errors.
200
What is the best verb to complete this sentence?
"People who _______ surgery on their brain may experience language problems."
have
300
1. What’s the difference between “lose” and “loose”?
2. Which one fits this sentence:
An injury to the brain may cause people to _______ their language ability.
Lose = to fail to keep or hold
/ Loose = not tight
300
Explain the difference between linguistic competence and sociolinguistic competence.
Linguistic competence is the ability to use language with correct grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation.
Sociolinguistic competence is the ability to use language in a socially and culturally appropriate way.
300
TRUE or FALSE: The author of the article believes that adult language learners should stop studying pronunciation because it is not possible for them to acquire a native-speaker accent.
Explain your answer.
FALSE! Adults can improve the clarity of their speech and come close to native-like pronunciation through hard work and practice.
300
Name the 5 characteristics of child grammar described in the final article.
Creativity, simplification by omission, follows correct word order, increasing complexity with age, overgeneralization
300
Say and SPELL the name of these marks:
( )
Parentheses
400
What are the 3 main components of language?
State the general words and the corresponding technical words.
What is the definition of a “speech act”?
What are 3 examples of speech acts that we studied in our class?
The use of speech to perform certain functions in communication, e.g. apology, greeting, requesting, refusal, compliment, etc.
400
Explain the difference between “aphasia” and “hemispherectomy”.
Aphasia is the loss of language abilities caused by brain damage, injury, or disease.
A hemispherectomy is a kind of surgery in which one side of the brain is removed.
400
How does the I-R theory explain L1 acquisition?
According to the I-R theory, children imitate what they hear. Caregivers reward children when they say something accurately, but correct children when they make a language error.
400
Fix the grammar errors in these sentences:
1) The second evidence is hemispherectomy research.
2) People who are after the age of 12 cannot attain native-like pronunciation.
1) The second type of evidence is hemispherectomy research.
2) People who are older than 12 … OR
People who are over the age of 12 …
500
Explain the difference between “obtain” and “attain”.
Use each word correctly in a sentence.
Attain = to achieve something; to reach a goal. Usually used with an abstract quality
/ Obtain = to get something. Usually used with a physical object
(SENTENCES MAY VARY)
500
What would be a good thesis statement for this essay topic:
Describe one or more differences in the sociolinguistic rules of speaking between American English and another language.
There are many differences in the sociolinguistic rules of speaking between American English and _____.
(ANSWERS MAY VARY)
500
Describe the research findings on patients who have hemispherectomies.
How do these findings support the CPT?
Children who have a hemispherectomy can recover their language abilities because the right side of their brain takes over some language functions. Adults, however, never recover their language functions after a hemispherectomy. This research supports the claim that adults have a less flexible brain than children and therefore cannot attain NS pronunciation.
500
What is the second theory of language acquisition described in the final article?
According to the article, why is this theory superior to the IR theory?
The creative construction theory accounts for many aspects of child language acquisition that the IR theory does not explain, such as children’s creativity, the fact that they follow rules, and the lack of correction from caregivers.
500
Use the transition word “nevertheless” correctly in a sentence about L1 or L2 acquisition.