Key Terms
A personality trait characterized by determination and persistence
Grit
Changes in behavior, thinking, or emotions that happen through observing another person
Modeling
Rewarding yourself with a treat for meeting a goal
Extrinsic
Capacity to coordinate one's learning skills, motivation, and emotions to reach goals
Human agency
Skills and will to analyze learning tasks, set goals, plan how to do tasks, apply skills, and make adjustments
Self-regulated learning
Talking oneself through the steps of a task
Self-instruction
Beliefs, expectations, cognitive abilities, motivation, attitudes, and knowledge are examples of these
Personal factors
Feeling good about your achievement
Intrinsic
Context-specific assessment of one's competence to perform a specific task
Self-efficacy
Process of activating and sustaining thought, behaviors, and emotions in order to reach our goals
Self-regulation
A "pep talk" or specific performance feedback- one source of self-efficacy
Social persuasion
An explanation of behavior that emphasizes the mutual effects of the individual and the environment on each other
Triadic reciprocal causality
1. Direct reinforcement such as compliment, reward for success
2. Vicarious reinforcement of seeing others reinforced for the behavior
3. Self-reinforcement or controlling your own reinforcers
3 types of reinforcement to persist in the behavior, continue learning
A more global self-perception; judged by comparing self to others and by internal comparisons
Self-concept
These 3 factors influence the skill and will of students
Knowledge, motivation, and volition
"Contagious" spreading of behaviors through imitation
Ripple effect
This person began working on the Social Cognitive Theory in the 1950s
Albert Bandura
1. Attention to important points, maintaining focus
2. Retention of steps/procedures by mental rehearsal
3. Production, imitation of observed behavior; practice
4. Motivation and reinforcement
4 elements of observational learning
Judgment of self-worth; relates to what we value
Self-esteem
Zimmerman's 3-phase cycle of self-regulated learning
Forethought, performance, and relfection
Procedures based on both behavioral and cognitive learning principles for changing your own behavior by using self-talk and self-instruction
Cognitive behavior modification
These three factors make up the Social Cognitive Theory
Behavioral, cognitive, and environmental
1. Directing attention to objects involved in modeled behavior
2. Fine-tuning already learned behaviors
3. Strengthening or weakening inhibitions
4. Teaching new behaviors, including cognitive skills
5. Arousing emotion
5 possible outcomes of observational learning
These are the 4 sources of self-efficacy
Mastery experiences, vicarious experiences, social persuasion, and physiological or emotional arousal
These are the 4 characteristics of self-regulated learners
Academic learning skills, self-awareness, self-control, and motivation for learning