Skeletal Muscle
What skeletal muscle type is the most oxidative?
Type I (slow twitch)
What chamber of the heart pumps to systemic circulation?
Left ventricle
What hormone is abused as anabolic steroids?
Testosterone
What is the first muscle substrate that start to replenish ATP?
PCr
What percentage of blood flow is directed toward skeletal muscle at rest?
20%
VO2 = _______ x _________
Cardiac Output x a-vO2 Difference
What hormone released from the pancreas increases blood sugar?
Glucagon
What does DIRECT calorimetry measure?
Heat
Where does aerobic metabolism take place in a muscle?
Mitochondria
What is a typical cardiac output at rest? (L/min)
5 L/min
List 2 endocrine glands AND the hormone produced by both.
Many...
What percentage of energy expenditure consists of the thermic effect of food?
~ 10%
Draw a graph of the length/tension principle AND explain it.
I'll draw it
Explain how pre-load and afterload influence stroke volume.
Pre-load: stretch of cardiac myocytes. Increases stroke volume as EDV increases.
Afterload: pressure the heart has to pump against. Decreases stroke volume as afterload increases
Describe how a fat soluble hormone reaches its receptor and causes protein synthesis.
Diffuses through cell membrane and attaches to receptor in the cytosol or nucleus. The complex then replicates DNA to make mRNA and then protein.
Explain how lactic acid causes fatigue
Releases a H+ ion which causes acidification. Enzymes can't function in an acidic environment.