ESS Benchmark #1 Review

HR Diagram

100

The variable on the X axis of the HR diagram...

Surface Temperature (or) Color

200

___________ increases as the mass of a star increases (Y-axis)... 

Luminosity (Brightness)

300

The approximate temperature and color of our Sun

6,000 K (yellow)

400

When the Sun becomes a Red Giant someday, describe the relative change in it's temperature and brightness... 

Decrease in Temperature

Increase in Brightness

500

Magnitude decreases as stars become larger. How will the magnitude of a Main Sequence star change when it becomes a Red Giant? 

Decrease

The Sun

100

The element that fuses into Helium inside of a main sequence star

Hydrogen

200

The layer of a star where Nuclear Fusion occurs... 

Core

300

Darker/Cooler surfaces on the Sun with a concentrated magnetic field... 

Sunspots

400

The time it takes for our Sun to complete ONE solar cycle

10-11 years

500

Energy in the form of a wave that is released by Nuclear Fusion happening in the core of our Sun... This energy then travels through space and reaches Earth. 

Radiation

Orbits

100

All orbits in the Universe are this shape

Ellipse (oval)

200

A planet moves (faster/slower) when it is closer to the Sun? 

Faster

300

The ___________ away a planet is from the Sun, the longer it takes to make one complete orbit (period of revolution). 

Farther

400

An object is in a stable orbit in between Mercury and Venus. How will its orbital speed compare to Mercury?

Slower

500

This factor is what determines the orbital period of a planet (time it takes to make one complete trip around the Sun)...

Distance to the Sun

Big Bang

100

What our Universe has been doing ever since the "Big Bang"

Expanding

200

The main evidence that supports the expansion of our Universe

Redshift of light from Galaxies

300

Galaxies that are further away are moving ____________ compared to galaxies that are closer. 

Faster

400

Galaxy A: 100 Million Light Years away

Galaxy B: 2 Billion Light Years away

Which of these two galaxies is receding faster? 

Galaxy B 

500

The word used to describe a change in velocity... The expansion of our Universe is ____________ because galaxies very far away are travelling faster than closer galaxies... 

Accelerating 

Challenge

100

These types of stars live the longest

Small Mass stars

200

Jovian (gas) planets are more dense or less dense than Terrestrial (rocky) planets?

Less Dense (because they are made of Gas) 

300

Temperature __________ after the Universe began expanding.

Decreased (got cooler)

400

The first two elements that formed from subatomic particles (protons/neutrons/electrons) after the Big Bang

Hydrogen and Helium

500

What should you bring with you tomorrow for the Benchmark CHARGED AND READY TO USE??!?!?!?!?!?!?!!?!?!?!?!?!?!?!?!?!?!?! agghagh

Computer