Plate Tectonics
Name 3 pieces of evidence that support Alfred Wegners theory of plate tectonics
1. Puzzle
2. Matching fossils
3. Matching land formations
This rock forms when magma or lava cools and solidifies.
igneous rock
Most weather occurs in this atmospheric layer.
troposphere
How do greenhouse gases trap heat?
Absorb heat radiated by Earth and radiates it back towards surface
This layer consists of the crust and uppermost mantle
Lithosphere
This type of boundary forms mid-ocean ridges.
divergent boundary
This rock type is most likely to contain fossils.
Sedimentary Rock
Water changing from liquid to gas is called this.
Evaporation
Whats the difference between weather and climate
Weather: short term atmospheric conditions
Climate: long term trends of atmospheric conditions
This atmospheric layer contains the ozone layer.
Stratosphere
At this type of convergent boundary, deep ocean trenches and volcanic island arcs form.
ocean-ocean convergent boundary
The process of transporting weathered material
erosion
A strong pressure gradient between two locations usually produces this weather condition.
Strong winds
Explain one way burning fossil fuels contributes to climate change.
It releases carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that trap heat in Earth's atmosphere.
This force causes moving air to appear to curve because Earth rotates.
Coriolis Effect
Explain the tectonic differences between Iceland and East Africa
Iceland won't fully disconnect bc it is sitting on mid atlantic ridge which is constantly producing new rock
East Africa will split apart because it's not sitting on a ridge
Heat and pressure transform existing rock into this type of rock.
Metamorphic Rock
What is the difference between low and high pressure
Low: pressure decreasing towards center, air is rising, stormy conditions
High: pressure increasing towards center, air is sinking, clear skies
A city experiences one unusually cold week during winter. Does this provide evidence against global climate change?
No, one cold week is weather, while climate change refers to long-term trends over many years.
These three global circulation cells help move heat around Earth.
Hadley, Ferrel, and Polar Cells
Explain how mantle convection contributes to both seafloor spreading and subduction.
Heated mantle rises, causing plates to move apart at divergent boundaries, while cooler mantle sinks, pulling plates downward at subduction zones
Name the processes that can transform an igneous rock into a metamorphic rock.
Weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction/cementation, then heat and pressure (or directly heat and pressure)
A weather station records pressures of 1022 mb, 1013 mb, and 998 mb over three days. What does this suggest?
A major storm may be approaching because pressure is rapidly decreasi
Name one impact climate change may have on weather patterns and explain why it occurs.
Increased extreme weather events (stronger heat waves, heavier rainfall, or more intense storms) because a warmer atmosphere can hold more energy and moisture.
Why is the outer core important to life on Earth?
Movement of liquid iron in the outer core generates Earth's magnetic field, which protects Earth from harmful solar radiation.