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G12 ESS
100

Identify the moment when a minimum amount of change will cause destabilisation within a system and lead to a new equilibrium.

A tipping point

100

The Arctic cod, ringed seal, killer whale, polar bear and other organisms live and interact with each other in the cold waters of the Arctic Ocean.

Community

A community is a group of populations living and interacting in a shared habitat (biotic factors). The abiotic factors for this community have not been described but could be the depth of the water, light intensity and the nutrients available for phytoplankton.

100

What are the units of B.O.D?

mg/L (of organic material)

100

What are the two forms of natural capital?

Goods and services

100

Seb's favourite colour

Purple

200

State the Environmental Value System (EVS) that best matches the cartoon in the Figure.

  • Anthropocentric
  • Ecocentric
200

State which of the following sampling techniques is not effective for sampling motile (moving) specimens.

A. Capture-mark-recapture

B. Sweep nets

C. Quadrat sampling

D. Pit traps

C 

Quadrats are laid down in one place and thus are not useful or accurate in sampling creatures that can easily enter or leave a sample square. Each of the other three options are used specifically for moving creatures.

200

What is the name of the chemical pollutants responsible for reduction of the ozone layer? No abbreviation. 

Chlorofluorohydrocarbons (CFCs)

200

What is the name given to the ability of a country to maintain uninterrupted supply of energy despite external factors?

Energy security

200

Number of students showed up for our last period 9 class. Be specific.

3 + 1 online

300

What is the Second Law of Thermodynamics?

Entropy will always increase

300

Distinguish succession and zonation.

succession is the process of changes in community/ecosystem over time, whereas zonation is the process of changes over an environmental gradient/space

300

State the type of ozone that is considered a pollutant.

tropospheric ozone


300

What are the two forms of natural capital?

Biofuel
300

The teacher Ayane is most scared of is...

Mrs. Endo

400

The population of Egypt was approximately 100 million in 2019. Calculate approximately how many people in Egypt died from outdoor air pollution in that year.

deaths/100,000=total deaths/total population

160/100,000 = total deaths/100,000,000

total deaths = 160/100,000×100,000

= 160,000 people

400

Other than temperature and precipitation, describe two characteristics of the tundra biome.

Low biodiversity

Low NPP OR productivity

Short growing season

Permafrost layer

Infertile soil (that is mostly bedrock)

Producers include mosses, grasses, shrubs

Species present are adapted to the cold

Found in the far, far north and south, and very high on mountains everywhere

400

Identify one cause of soil erosion.

  • Wind erosion
  • Water erosion OR flooding
  • Climate change
  • Over-grazing
  • Mining
400

What is the name of the changes in wind and ocean currents which occur in the Pacific (off the coast of Peru) every 2-7 years?

El Nino

400

Peter's birthday (including year)

Sep 28, 2006

500

Describe one ecosystem services that biodiversity provides.

Pollination services

  • Pollination by animal pollinators is required for the reproduction of many crops and wild plants.
  • Some plants have a few specialised pollinators, so a high biodiversity of pollinators is necessary to preserve plant biodiversity.

Water purification services

  • Healthy ecosystems such as wetlands and forests require the removal of pollutants from water.
  • Biodiversity contributes to water purification since various specialised plant and microbial species filter and purify water.

Climate regulation services

  • Plants play a role in climate regulation through processes like carbon sequestration OR transpiration.
  • Forests OR phytoplankton, for example, absorb and store carbon dioxide, helping to mitigate climate change. It will only stay there if the ecosystem is biodiverse.
  • Forests release water into the air through transpiration, thus affecting rain patterns. Only biodiverse forests will persist.

Soil fertility and nutrient cycling

  • Soil fertility depends upon soil organisms breaking down organic matter so nutrients are released and can be used again.

  • A biodiverse range of soil organisms each play their part in nutrient cycling and maintaining soil fertility.

500

Suggest what species richness and species evenness indicate about the water quality of a stream. [2]

High species richness and evenness indicate high biodiversity and therefore high water quality OR low species richness and evenness indicate low water quality.

If either species richness OR evenness is low, this indicates low water quality.

Other factors besides water quality also influence species richness and evenness.

If only pollution-tolerant organisms are present, this also indicates poor water quality.

500

Distinguish between primary and secondary pollutants, using a named example involved in acid deposition.

Distinguish: Primary pollutants are emitted directly into the atmosphere, while secondary pollutants are formed in the atmosphere through chemical reactions involving primary pollutants

Example:

  • Sulphur dioxide (SO2) can react with water to form secondary pollutants such as sulphurous acid (H2SO3) and sulphuric acid (H2SO4)

  • Nitrogen oxide (NOx) can react with water and form a secondary pollutant: nitric acid (HNO3).

 

500

With reference to Figure 1 and Figure 2, identify one country in each region in a stationary demographic transition stage.

  • Morocco and Brazil
  • Morocco and Peru
500

Word count of Taela's ESS IA (final draft)

2211