Properties of Water
Grand Canyon
Rock, Weathering, and Erosion
Rock Layers
Experiments
100
This property of water makes ice take up more space than liquid water, helping widen cracks in rock and concrete.
What is expansion upon freezing?
100
This is the source of the destructive force that carved the Grand Canyon.
What is the Colorado River?
100
The wearing away and movement of rock and sediment from one place to another is called this.
What is erosion?
100
All stone is deposited in this type of layer orientation. (Horizontal, Diagonal, Vertical, Curved)
What is horizontal?
100
The variable changed in an experiment is called this.
What is the independent variable?
200
Water shows this property when it breaks down and carries away minerals from rock or concrete.
What is the ability to dissolve materials?
200
In the DUDE sequence of canyon formation, the letter U stands for this process.
What is uplift?
200
When moving water slows down and drops the sediment it was carrying, that process is called this.
What is deposition?
200
The youngest rocks in the Grand Canyon are found near this part of the canyon.
What is the top? (Law of superposition)
200
“Distance sediment moved” (due to a change) is an example of this kind of variable.
What is the dependent variable?
300
Fast-moving river water picking up and carrying sand, silt, and pebbles shows water’s ability to do this.
What is transport sediment/materials?
300
In the DUDE sequence of canyon formation, the second D refers to this stage when the river cuts into raised rock.
What is down-cut?
300
This type of rock forms through cooling and solidification.
Igneous
300
Rocks layers on the other side of the Grand Canyon are this when comparing their relative ages.
What is the same age? (Principle of lateral continuity)
300
In an experiment, only this number of variables should be changed at a time.
What is one?
400
After water dissolves minerals and carries them, those minerals can later form deposits by this process.
What is precipitation/deposition?
400
Most of the visible layered rocks of the Grand Canyon are this rock type.
What are sedimentary rocks?
400
Metamorphic rock forms through _______________ and _________________.
What is heat and pressure?
400
A crack in a layer is this in age compared to the rock it is in.
What is younger?
400
This type of variable does not change throughout the entire experiment.
What is control variable?
500
Repeated freezing and thawing of water in cracks is an example of this kind of weathering.
What is physical weathering?
500
From 5 million years ago to the present, wind, rain, and ice made the canyon do these two things.
What are become deeper and wider?
500
Burial, compaction, and mineral precipitation are the major constructive processes that form this type of rock.
What is sedimentary rock?
500
D is this type of rock formation.
What is an intrusion?
500
A negative relationship states "as X ________ Y ________."
What is "as X increases Y decreases."
(as X decreases Y increases.")