CHO
What is the primary function of glucose in our body?
Energy, fuel, etc.
Are fats broken down aerobically or anaerobically?
Aerobically.
How many essential and non-essential amino acids are there respectively?
11-non-essential
9- essential
What is the enzymes associated with the breakdown of fats?
Lipase
What is glycemic load?
The amount of CHO in a serving.
What are the molecules involved with gluconeogenesis? (choose all that apply)
A. Amino Acids
B. Glucose
C. Oxaloacetates
D. Nitrogen
E. Lactates
F. Ketones
A, C, E, and F
Why do we primarily rely on fats while at rest?
Low energy demand and O2 is available.
What are the elements required to build an amino acid?
C-H-O-N
What is the purpose of glycogen phosphorylase?
It adds an inorganic phosphate to the glucose molecule locking it into the cell.
What does glycemic index mean?
How fast a carb is converted to glucose.
What is the primary function of blood glucose in our body?
To fuel the CNS.
What would be the percentage of lipolysis if we were on a 3-hour high-intensity bike ride be at around 2 hours?
60-80%
What are the two fates of Nitrogen?
Transamination and Deamination
Why is liver glycogen considered a two-step process when compared to muscle glycogen?
The primary function of liver glycogen is to refuel the blood glucose levels when they drop, thus when an inorganic phosphate molecule is attached it will have to be removed in order to enter the blood.
What would you expect in terms of blood glucose if you were to consume a food with both a high glycemic load and index?
There would be a spike in blood glucose and would release a lot of insulin and glucagon.
What are some of the roles of CHO? ( only 2 of 5 )
Quick energy source, spare proteins, prevent ketosis, serve as fuel for CNS, and serve as a metabolic primer.
When are triacylglycerols the primary source of energy? (only 2 of 4)
At rest, during low-moderate intensity exercise, During a low calorie diet, during prolonged exercise
What does the phrase transamination mean in terms of amino acids?
The recycling of nitrogen molecules to create a new non-essential amino acid.
What is the enzyme released when we have a drop in blood glucose and what cells release the enzyme?
Glucagon, Alpha cells in the pancreas
What are the fundamental differences in the traditional and recommended methods of glycogen loading?
very low CHO intake- traditional big spike in glycogen synthase.
gradual tapering of CHO
What are the 3 fates for glucose?
Glycolysis (used for energy), Glycogenesis (stored as glycogen), and lipogenesis (converted to fats)
When we increase energy demand why is it that fats are not being used as much as when we are at rest?
Fats can only be broken down aerobically, when we increase the demand for ATP in our body we are also decreasing the availability of O2 in our body.
What are the 4 fates for proteins in the body?
Proteins, Glucose, ATP and Fats
What are the hormones associated with the onset of high-intensity exercise?
Hint: Think of stress and adrenaline hormones
Epinephrine, Norepinephrine and Glucagon
What are two ways to activate Glut-4?
Through the increase in the use of insulin and the increase of exercise.