5.1 Intro to soil systems
5.2 Terrestrial food systems
5.3 Soil degradation
5.3 Soil conservation
Wild card
100

What is the term used for the layered structure of the soil profile? 

Horizons

100

Name three issues that can lead to food inequality. 

Land grabbing, Tariffs and subsidies, Climate change, Land degradation, Cash crops, War & conflict, Biofuels






Poverty



100

What two natural processes cause soil erosion? 

Water and wind

100

What is the term used for products that are applied to control water erosion and improve soil properties?

Soil conditioners

100

How is soil typically viewed and treated by individuals?

It's seen and treated as "DIRT"

200

Soil is made up of what 4 things? 

Water, air, organic matter and minerals

200

What is nomadic pastoralism?

a form of pastoralism when livestock are herded in order to seek for fresh pastures on which to graze.

200

Ineffective irrigation can lead to salt being left in the soil after evaporation. What is this called? 

Soil salinization

200

What is the term given to the group of trees planted at the side of crop fields to control wind erosion by reducing surface wind velocity?

Wind breaks or shelter belts

200

Name a country that has experienced famine in the last 10 years.

Somalia, Yemen, South Sudan, Ethiopia, Nigeria. 

300

What three types of minerals can soil be composed of? 

Clay, silt and sand

300

What is the difference between intensification and extensification of agriculture?

Ex = more land but holds the risk of loss of income because of reduced yield (at constant market prices)

In = less land but higher crop yields with use of fertilizers, pesticides, machining, monocropping etc.  

300

Name three factors that lead to desertification. 

Deforestation

Intensive grazing

Urbanization

Irrigation

Monoculture

300

Give two examples of abatement/conservation techniques. 

Aforestation, agroforestry, hydroponics, cover crops, crop rotation, organic farming

300

As I suspected, someone has been adding soil to my garden. Finish the joke...

*The plot thickens.*

400

What type of soil has the highest productivity? This soil have has 40% silt, 40% sand and 20% clay. 


Loam

400

Identify two ways traditional terrestrial food production systems contribute to climate change. 

Deforestation removes carbon sink

Cattle rumination (methane release)

Rice farming (anaerobic decomposition)

Use of machinery which are powered by fossil fuels

Use of chemical fertiliser (nitrous oxide)

400

Name a place in the world that is at severe risk of desertification. 

Sub-Saharan Africa

Southern USA, Northern Mexico

Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran

Central China

Souther Africa countries - Namibia, Botswana, South Africa



400

What two strategies are used to reduce the velocity of water down slope to prevent soil erosion? 

Terracing and contour ploughing, mulching, plant grass or shrub,

400

Agriculture is directly responsible for 14% of what global issue? 

Greenhouse gas emissions

500

Identify two types of transformations in the soil system. 

Decomposition of animals and plants (decomposers provide food for themselves by extracting chemicals from the dead organisms)

Weathering (breakdown) of rock

500

Identify one-way food waste can be reduced. 

improving the accuracy of food labels to assist consumers in making informed food choices

500

The toxification of soil can occur because of two things...

Excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides

Pollution from industrial waste

500

What does the Tolou keur, a circle garden created in Senegal as a result of the Great Green Wall program represent and why is it beneficial?


Successful soil conservation action plan to restore degraded landscapes.

500

The dust bowl that occurred in 1930 -1940 located in the southern states of the United States focused on what items?

Soil mismanagement & conservation techniques