5.1 Intro to soil systems
5.2 Terrestrial food systems
5.3 Soil degradation
5.3 Soil conservation
Wild card
100
What is the term used for the layered structure of the soil profile?
Horizons
100
Name three issues that can lead to food inequality.
Land grabbing, Tariffs and subsidies, Climate change, Land degradation, Cash crops, War & conflict, Biofuels
Poverty
100
What two natural processes cause soil erosion?
Water and wind
100
What is the term used for products that are applied to control water erosion and improve soil properties?
Soil conditioners
100
How is soil typically viewed and treated by individuals?
It's seen and treated as "DIRT"
200
Soil is made up of what 4 things?
Water, air, organic matter and minerals
200
What is nomadic pastoralism?
a form of pastoralism when livestock are herded in order to seek for fresh pastures on which to graze.
200
Ineffective irrigation can lead to salt being left in the soil after evaporation. What is this called?
Soil salinization
200
What is the term given to the group of trees planted at the side of crop fields to control wind erosion by reducing surface wind velocity?
Wind breaks or shelter belts
200
Name a country that has experienced famine in the last 10 years.
Somalia, Yemen, South Sudan, Ethiopia, Nigeria.
300
What three types of minerals can soil be composed of?
Clay, silt and sand
300
What is the difference between intensification and extensification of agriculture?
Ex = more land but holds the risk of loss of income because of reduced yield (at constant market prices)
In = less land but higher crop yields with use of fertilizers, pesticides, machining, monocropping etc.
300
Name three factors that lead to desertification.
Deforestation
Intensive grazing
Urbanization
Irrigation
Monoculture
300
Give two examples of abatement/conservation techniques.
Aforestation, agroforestry, hydroponics, cover crops, crop rotation, organic farming
300
As I suspected, someone has been adding soil to my garden. Finish the joke...
*The plot thickens.*
400
What type of soil has the highest productivity? This soil have has 40% silt, 40% sand and 20% clay.
Loam
400
Identify two ways traditional terrestrial food production systems contribute to climate change.
Deforestation removes carbon sink
Cattle rumination (methane release)
Rice farming (anaerobic decomposition)
Use of machinery which are powered by fossil fuels
Use of chemical fertiliser (nitrous oxide)
400
Name a place in the world that is at severe risk of desertification.
Sub-Saharan Africa
Southern USA, Northern Mexico
Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran
Central China
Souther Africa countries - Namibia, Botswana, South Africa
400
What two strategies are used to reduce the velocity of water down slope to prevent soil erosion?
Terracing and contour ploughing, mulching, plant grass or shrub,
400
Agriculture is directly responsible for 14% of what global issue?
Greenhouse gas emissions
500
Identify two types of transformations in the soil system.
Decomposition of animals and plants (decomposers provide food for themselves by extracting chemicals from the dead organisms)
Weathering (breakdown) of rock
500
Identify one-way food waste can be reduced.
improving the accuracy of food labels to assist consumers in making informed food choices
500
The toxification of soil can occur because of two things...
Excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides
Pollution from industrial waste
500
What does the Tolou keur, a circle garden created in Senegal as a result of the Great Green Wall program represent and why is it beneficial?
Successful soil conservation action plan to restore degraded landscapes.
500
The dust bowl that occurred in 1930 -1940 located in the southern states of the United States focused on what items?
Soil mismanagement & conservation techniques