Metric System, Sig Figs, and Scientific Notation
How many significant figures are in the number 0.005674?
Four
Which solution is more concentrated: 5 g/L or 5 mg/mL?
Neither. They are equivalent.
Name the laboratory equipment that rapidly rotates in order to allow for the separation of fluids and other molecules according to density.
Centrifuge.
True or false: all micropipettes use the same size tips.
False.
What does IACUC stand for?
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.
What group of potential products must be tests in clinical trials before they can be marketed to the public?
Pharmaceutical products.
3.3 L is equivalent to how many milliliters?
3300 mL
How much solute is needed to make 550 mL of 4 g/L gelatin solution?
2.2 g
What is measured by a spectrophotometer?
The amount of light that is transmitted or absorbed through a sample.
What is the purpose of a micropipette?
To measure and transfer very small amounts of liquid, i.e., less than 1 mL.
IACUC is to animals as ________ is to humans.
IRB (institutional review board).
How many OFFICIAL phases are there in clinical trails?
Three.
How many significant figures are in the number 1.4502?
Five.
A solution becomes more dilute when you ADD or SUBTRACT water?
Add.
This machine cycles through different temperature stages to amplify segments of DNA through a process called PCR.
What is a thermocycler?
What is the lowest setting on a P-10 micropipette?
1.0 microliters (or 0.5, depending)
What are the most commonly used animal models?
Mice and rats.
What is considered the "gold standard" for clinical trails?
Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials.
0.75 milliliters is equivalent to how many microliters?
750 microliters
How much 95% ethanol do you need to make 600 mL of a 70% solution?
442 mL
This gel-based technique allows for the separation of DNA fragments by size, often visualized under UV light.
What is gel electrophoresis?
Name two micropipettes that can transfer 80 microliters.
P100 and P200.
What are the 3R's of animal research?
Reduce, Refine, and Replace.
Which phase of clinical trials focuses on safety and determining the proper dosage range in healthy volunteers?
Phase I
240 microliters is equivalent to how many milliliters?
0.24 mL
How much 50X TAE buffer would you need to make a 2 liter solution of 1X TAE buffer?
40 mL
This glassware has a narrow neck and is ideal for swirling liquids to prevent spillage.
Flask.
What do you call a micropipette that moves many units of liquid at the same time?
A multichannel pipette.
What is the difference between animal rights and animal welfare?
Animal welfare is concerned about the quality of animals' lives and minimizing animal suffering whereas animal rightists are focused on the ethical argument over whether animals should be used by humans in the first place.
Which phase of clinical trials compares a new treatment to a preexisting treatment in diseased individuals?
Phase III.
Rewrite this number in appropriate scientific notation: 11.84 x 10^13.
1.184 x 10^14
What is the molarity of a solution in which 34 grams of ammonia, NH3 (17.031 g/mol), is dissolved in 4000 mL of solution?
0.499~0.50 M
This type of microscope is widely used for viewing live cells and tissues with magnifications of up to 1000x.
What is a light microscope?
Which stop should you go to if you want to take fluid into a micropipette?
The first stop.
Which TWO sets of laws must scientists follow if they want to use animals for research purposes?
(1) Animal Welfare Act (AWA)
(2) NIH's Policy on Humane Care and Use of Research Animals
What is the difference between "phase 0" and "phase 4" clinical trials?
Phase 0 (A.K.A. pre-clinical trials) comes BEFORE actual clinical trials and involves experiments using animals or cell models.
Phase 4 (A.K.A. post-market studies ) occurs AFTER actual clinical trials and involves a larger patient population over an extended period.