Physiology & Histology of the Skin I
6-9 lbs
average skin weight
The basic material and building blocks of our body's tissues.
What are proteins?
Three things that are the Estheticians primary focus.
What is preserving, protecting, nourishing the skin ?
There are three things that helps to identify healthy skin.
What is slightly moist, soft, smooth and somewhat acidic?
This is the protective barrier of the skin.
What is the acid mantle?
These appendages in the dermis are attached to follicles that produce sebum.
What are Sebaceous glands?
These cells are composed of keratin and comprise 95% of the epidermis?
What are Keratinocytes?
This layer is 80% fat and creates a protective tissue that gives smoothness and contour to the body, as well as providing a source of energy for the body.
What is the subcutaneous layer?
This oil on the epidermis gives protection from external factors and lubricates both the skin and hair.
What is Sebum?
The average level of pH of the skin is important for maintaining the proper acidic level to protect from pathogens and for regulating enzymatic functions.
What is 4.5- 5.5?
Irritation and intercellular is water loss caused by evaporation on the skin's surface.
What is TEWL? Trans Epidermal Water loss
Hormones that stimulate skin cells to reproduce and heal.
What is EGF? Epidermal Growth Factors
Cell simulators that are triggered by Proteins and peptides and help cells to rejuvenate.
What are fibroblasts?
This out most layer of the skin is composed of 5 layers.
What is the epidermis?
Daughter cells that are not able to divide anymore and are programmed to end up as one specific type of cell.
What is terminal differentiation?
This appendage of the skin contains 90% hard keratin, has lower moisture and fat than soft keratin.
What is hair?
It contains one-half to two thirds of the blood in the body and one-half of the primary immune cells.
What is the Skin?
These 4 things make up the acid mantle.
What are sebum, lipids, sweat, and water?
Fluid between the epidermal cells that contain lipids.
What is the intercellular Matrix?
A form of protection in the skin that protects us from the sun.
What is Melanin?
A film that is an oil-water balance on the skin's surface.
What is Hydrolipidic?
Absorption through the skin of these 3 things are necessary for our skin's health.
What are ingredients, water, and oxygen?
These keratin filaments are the protein bonds that create the junction between the cells.
What are Desmosomes?
The circulation of blood from the heart to arterioles, to capillaries, to venules and then back to the heart.
What is microcirculation?
For better absorption through the skin, these types of products penetrate better.
What are Lipid-solubles?
In this layer of the skin, enzymes are creating lipids and proteins and cells continue to divide and change shape.
What is the stratum spinosum?
In this skin's layer the production of keratin and intercellular lipids take place here and enzymes dissolve the desmosomes that hold the cells together.
What is the stratum granulosum?
This layer of the skin is the largest of the Epidermis.
What is the stratum spinosum?
Also known as sensory cells, these cells are touch receptors are also located in the stratum germinativum.
What are merkel cells?
These cells make melanosome spheres which are transferred to keratinocytes.
What are Melanocytes?
This enzyme stimulates melanocytes and thus produces melanin.
What is Tyrosinase?
The binding of a protein molecule to a glucose molecule resulting in damaged, non functioning structures.
What is Glycation?
There are 6 primary functions of the skin.
What is protection, sensation, heat regulation, excretion, secretion, and absorption.
The epidermis is composed of five layers.
What is the stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum germinativum?
Products that suppress melanin production by interrupting biochemical processes.
What is brightening agents?
Produced by fibroblast cells, this protein substance of complex fibers gives skin strength and is necessary for wound healing.
What is collagen?
These cells in the dermis are involved in allergic reactions.
What are mast cells?
There is a fluid-matrix found in the dermis that is composed of collagen, other proteins, and GAG's (Glycosaminoglycans).
What is ground substance, also known as ECM extracellular matrix?
dilated small blood vessels on skinner mucous membranes, anywhere in the body
What is telangiectasia?
The internal messengers for most of the body's systems and are significant internal factors in the skin's appearance, strength and health.
What are hormones?