Physiology & Histology of the Skin 1
Three other names that Estheticians are sometimes referred to.
What is a Technician, Skin Therapist, Specialist?
Stress reduction happens in babies and older adults when they experience more ______
Three things that are the Estheticians primary focus.
What is preserving, protecting, nourishing the skin ?
Small coned shaped structures at the bottom of hair follicles
Hair Papillae
These dead protein cells have dried out and lack nuclei
What is corneocytes
What conveys impulses from the brain or spinal cord to the muscles or glands
Motor or efferent nerves
The white blood cells that have enzymes to digest and kill bacteria and parasites
What are leukocytes
______ at night helps to remove the buildup of pollutants that have settled on the skins surface throughout the day
Routine Cleansing
This oil on the epidermis gives protection from external factors and lubricates both the skin and hair.
What is Sebum?
The acid mantle has an average pH of what?
What is 5.5?
What helps regulate body temperature and protect from heat loss?
Hair Follicles
Hydrating fluids such as __________ are a part of this dermal substance
Hyaluronic Acid
Cell simulators that are triggered by Proteins and peptides and help cells to rejuvenate.
What are fibroblasts?
What sends messages to the central nervous system and brain to react to heat, cold, pain, pressure, and touch
Sensory or afferent Nerve
____and _____ are the fluids that nourish the skin
Blood and Lymph
Alters protein structures and decreases biological activity
What is Glycation
What is healthy skin?
Slightly moist, soft, smooth, and somewhat acidic
These 4 things make up the acid mantle.
What are sebum, lipids, sweat, and water?
What is the fluid between the epidermal cells?
What is the intercellular Matrix?
This is the epithelial tissue that covers our body. It is a thin protective covering with many nerve endings
The Epidermis
A film that is an oil-water balance on the skin's surface.
What is Hydrolipidic?
What is connected to the hair follicles and produce oil, which protects the surface of the skin
Sebaceous (oil) Glands
Are a group of waxy lipid molecules such as glycolipids that are important to barrier function and water-holding capacity
What are Ceramides
The circulation of blood from the heart to arterioles, to capillaries, to venules and then back to the heart.
What is microcirculation?
What are the building blocks for our body's tissues?
Proteins
What is the skin's mechanism that protects us from irritation and intercellular transepidermal water loss (TWEL)
Barrier Function
What layer is comprised mainly of collagen and elastin?
Reticular Layer
This layer of the skin is the largest of the Epidermis.
What is the stratum spinosum?
Individuals with darker skin and melanin have more activity in their ______
Melanocytes
Coiled structures attached to the hair follicles found under the arms (in the axillary region) and in the genital area
What are Apocrine Glands
The cells of organs as the skin, heart, liver, and kidneys are replaced every _____ to _____
Six to Nine Months
The ability for skin to stretch and return to firmness
What is Elastin
There are 6 primary functions of the skin.
What is protection, sensation, heat regulation, excretion, secretion, and absorption.
The epidermis is composed of five layers.
What is the stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum germinativum?
Products that suppress melanin production by interrupting biochemical processes.
What is brightening agents or Tyrosinase Inhibitors
The stratum germinativum also contains _______ which are cells that produce pigment granules in the basal layer
What is Melanocytes
Hair contains 90% ______
Hard B keratin
Are found all over the body but are primarily on the forehead, palms of the hands, and soles of the feet
Eccrine Glands
Natural ________ in the skin prevent free radicals
What is Antioxidants
Estrogens from plants
What are phytoestrogens