chpt.3
Define energy.
Energy is the ability to do work or cause change.
When does abrasion occur?
Abrasion occurs when particles of sediment in flowing water bump into the streambed again and again.
Why does a river tend to cut into its banks on a curve?
If a river curves, the water moves fastest along the outside of the curve, cutting into its bank.
When did the last ice age end?
Ended about 10,000 years ago (it lasted for 70,000)
How does a glacier deposit sediments?
A glacier gathers a huge amount of rock and soil as it erodes the land in its path. When a glacier melts, it deposits the sediment.
What are two types of energy?
Potential and kinetic
As a river’s slope increases, the water’s speed increases. How does this affect the volume of the flow?
Volume of the flow also increases.because the speed of the water has increased.
Define glacier.
A large mass of ice that moves slowly over land.
Looking at the map, was NY covered or not with ice during the ice age?
NY was covered in ice
How do waves form?
Energy that water picks up from wind causes water particles to move up and down as the wave goes by.
Define kinetic energy.
Kinetic energy is the energy an object has due to its motion.
Define friction.
Friction is the force that opposes the motion of one surface as it moves across another surface.
What are two types of glaciers?
Valley glaciers and continental glaciers
How do glaciers form?
Can only form in an area where more snow falls than melts. Pressure of weight compacts snow at bottom into ice.
What are two processes by which waves can cause erosion?
Impact- when waves crash along shore with great force
Abrasion- in shallow water, waves pickup sediments. When wave hits land, the sediment wears away rock like sandpaper
Define potential energy.
Potential energy is the energy that is stored and waiting to be used later.
Define turbulence.
Movement of water in which, rather than moving downstream, the water moves every which way.
Define valley glacier.
Valley glacier is a long, narrow glacier that forms when snow and ice build up high in a mountain valley.
How fast do glaciers move?
A few cm to a few meters each day
How do waves shape the coast?
Waves shape coast through both erosion and deposition.
How does sediment enter a river?
Most sediment washes or falls into the river as a result of mass movement and runoff. Other sediment erodes from the bottom or sides of the river. Wind may also drop sediment into the water.
How does the shape of the river affect things?
river flows straight, the water flows faster near the center than along its sides. Deposition occurs along the sides where water moves much slower.
Define continental glacier.
Continental glacier is a glacier that covers much of a continent or large island.
What are the two processes by which glaciers erode the land?
Erode land by plucking and abrasion
Define beach.
Beach is an area of wave-washed sediment along a coast.