What is all things wish to maintain their survival for as long as possible
100
The Greek word for excellence
What is arete
100
Protagoras's formulation of the idea that all morality is relative
What is "man is the measure"
200
Bentham's tool by which happiness can be 'calculated'
What is the Felicific calculus (or the Calculus of Felicity)
200
The opposite of consequentialism
What is intentionality
200
procreation
What is the second primary precept of Natural Law
200
The idea that right action lies between two extremes
What is the Golden Mean
200
Hume's idea that morality and philosophy belong to two separate and non-intersecting language systems
What is Hume's fork
300
The brand of Utilitarianism advocated my John Stuart Mill
What is Rule Utilitarianism
300
The idea that we must always act as though we are functioning as a role model for all humanity
What is the third formulation of the Categorical Imperative
300
When the whole of a community functions harmoniously in accordance with Natural Law
What is the Summum Bonum
300
A disposition to behave in a way that will make you a good person
What is virtue (or habituation)
300
The idea that morality can be reduced to simply "I like this, and I don't like that"
What is Emotivism (or the 'boo' 'hurrah' theory)
400
Peter Singer's two conditions for defining the relative value of life
What are consciousness and the ability to feel/process pain
400
The term Kant uses to describe the feelings that we should NOT act upon in favour of using reason
What is inclination(s)
400
When an action can be morally praiseworthy despite doing an evil act (because the intention is solely for the good)
What is double effect
400
akrasia, or weakness of will
What is incontinence
400
Kant's idea that you need to believe in certain metaphysical things (which can never be philosophically proven) in order to be moral
What are the postulates of pure practical reason
500
The type of Utilitarianism that entails promoting actions that fulfill the interests of those beings involved rather than focusing on right actions defined as those that maximize pleasure and minimize pain
What is preference Utilitarianism
500
The idea that I am capable of acting not in my own interest, but rather in a disinterested way according to duty (abstract principle)
What is altruism
500
When beings choose to act against nature
What is Contra Natura
500
The man of practical wisdom or prudence who is sensitive to particular circumstances and is a good judge of what to do
What is phronimos
500
Kant's postulate of practical reason which ensures that moral people are ultimately rewarded (since living a moral life basically ensures misery)