In Context
The inability of authorities to compel an attorney through subpoena or threat of contempt to disclose confidential information.
What is attorney-client privilege?
This approach to reducing crime focuses on the individual officer.
What are rotten apple responses?
The best-known symbol of justice for judges.
What is the black robe?
Serve as the written embodiment of society's ethics and morals.
What are laws?
Results in the brain remembering preconcieved ideas
What is confirmation bias?
A panel of people selected by the defense attorney to represent the actual jury.
What is a shadow jury?
A list of suggestions to reduce police misconduct is found on page:
What is page 158?
Expectations for judges
What is impartial, knowledgeable, and authoritative?
Refers to those laws written and embraced by society.
What is positivist law?
The tendency to inflate our abilities and competence
What is overconfidence bias?
An exchange of a guilty plea for a reduced sentence.
What is a plea bargain?
"Sting" operations to test whether police officers will make honest choices.
What is integrity testing?
A judge shall uphold and promote the independence, integrity, and impartiality of the judiciary, and shall avoid impropriety and the appearance ..
What is Canon 1?
law is a contract; everyone gives up some liberties, and in return, is protected from others who have their liberties restricted
What is social contract theory?
Occurs when defense attorneys are forced to triage cases
What is motivated reasoning?
Identifies those jury panel members who predisposed to believe the case of the attorney presenting the case.
What is a jury expert?
has a board of civilian members who monitor and review internal investigations and discipline of officers.
What is the civilian review model or board?
Causes a judge to be biased
What is financial, social, or emotional interest in a case?
John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) proposed this principle____________, which states that every individual should have the utmost freedom over their own actions...
What is the harm principle?
It happens when defense attorneys in private practice start out as prosecutors...this transition happens
What is the transition from good guy battling evil to the subtler role of defender of due process?
When a person with expertise or status in one area is given deference in all areas.
What is the halo effect?
Created the Task Force on Policing in the 21st Century
Who is Barack Obama?
A judge may consider these forensics during trial.
What is hair analysis, arson investigation, ballistics testing, fingerprint analysis, bite mark comparison, and dna testing?
Def.: The law acts as the moral agent of society...and as an example of this idea, the Supreme court ruled in United States vs. Windsor that defining marriage between a man and woman soley was a violation.
What is legal moralism?
Some argue the system operates in this fashion.
What is a presumption of guilt?