Access to Services
What are some several reasons for the growing need of Speech- Language Pathologists?
- Increased aging population
- Medical advances are increasing life span
- Bilingual/multilingual populations experience a disproportionate amount of services compared to monolingual individuals
- Increase in special education enrollment for specific learning disabilities
What are the “big laws” that pertain to
school services and records:
- Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)
- Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
- Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA 2004)
- Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and Section 504
- Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)/Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)
- Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
What are some biohazards that speech-language pathologists encounter?
- Saliva/ Sputum
- Vomit
- Feces/ Urine
- Blood
What is the difference between child abuse and maltreatment?
child abuse occurs when children under 18 years of age are physically, mentally, or sexually harmed by a parent or other person legally responsible for their care.
VS
Maltreatment occurs when children under 18 years of age are neglected or have serious physical injury inflicted on them by other than accidental means.
What do you think are barriers preventing students from culturally-linguistically diverse backgrounds from entering or staying in the field?
- Financial barriers
- Lack of translated resources
- Racism/ microaggressions
- Lack of graduate programs with bilingual resources
What are some reasons why medical insurance may deny a client's need for medical services?
- insufficient documentation.
- An appropriate physician referral was not obtained.
- The service provided was not covered by the client’s health insurance plan.
- The service was deemed “not medically necessary.”
- The authorization period had lapsed.
- The patient was no longer improving.
What 2 laws regulate student records?
- The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)
- Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
What infection precautions should you take if you provide services in speech, language, hearing clinic?
- Wearing PPE
- Take appropriate precautions when working with fluids
- Dispose of biohazards appropriately
True/ False
There are more children who suffer from neglect than from physical and sexual abuse?
True
T/F
When assessing and diagnosing a bilingual client, do we assess knowledge and use in both languages or only the one of concern?
True.
Speech and language samples in both languages (conversation or narrative) are useful for assessing bilinguals.
What is the criterion of medical necessity for medical services?
Services must be
- appropriate, given the person’s age, health status, and diagnosis.
- based on published evidence that the service will elucidate, prevent, or improve the person’s condition
- likely to lead to greater quality of life and better functioning in whatever ability has been impaired.
SOAP notes are the primary form of documentation throughout sessions; what does this acronym stand for?
S- Subjective
O- Objective
A- Assessment
P- Plan
What are ergonomic hazards for speech language pathologists?
- Eye strain
- Lower back pain
- Carpal Tunnel
- Heavy lifting (small children/ adult transfers)
What are some possible signs of neglect in children?
- Hunger and malnutrition, begs for or steals food
- Poor hygiene, lice, body odor
- Inappropriate clothing for weather and context
- Unattended physical problems or medical needs
- Lack of supervision especially in dangerous activities or contexts
- Constant fatigue
- Developmental lags
- Extremes in behavior
- Depressed, apathetic
- Seeks attention or affection
- Truancy or delinquency
What are some language characteristics in typical bilinguals?
- The Silent Period (early stage of learning L2)
- Code-Switching (switching back-and-forth between L1 and L2)
- Distributed Language Knowledge Across Two Languages (Different experiences regarding L1 Vs. L2)
- Language Attrition (partial language loss in either L1 or L2)
- Cross- Language Interference and Transfer (L1 may interfere with L2 as an accent or phonemic transfer)
What barriers may Telehealth alleviate?
- Distance from services
- Transportation challenges
- Limited financial resources, including insurance coverage and subsidized services
- Family, educational, and cultural factors
- Health care delivery characteristics, including poor care coordination, long waiting times for appointments, shortages of specialists, and bureaucratic obstacles to services (Theodoros, 2012; Theodoros & Russell, 2008).
What are some types of clinical documentation?
- SOAP note (Treatment encounter notes)
- Diagnostic report (Evaluation notes)
- Plan of Care/ Progress note
- Discharge notes
What are the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) Code of Ethics
This document reflects the values of ASHA members regarding scientific and clinical practice based on principles of duty, accountability, fairness, and responsibility.
Munchausen by Proxy. What is this disorder? Is this characterized as maltreatment?
A disorder in which an individual deliberately creates fictitious physical and/or mental health symptoms to gain attention and sympathy, particularly from medical personnel.
Yes, this is considered a recognized type of maltreatment that may involve physical, sexual, or emotional abuse, neglect, or a combination (Lasher, 2004).
How can we, as clinicians, be culturally considerate when providing intervention?
- Take the patient’s cultural background into consideration (i.e. in some cultures, play-based child- parent interaction is not a common practice)
- Obtain information about the level of involvement with which the family members feel comfortable with.
What is the role of local, state, and national
professional organizations in improving access to
audiology or speech-language pathology services?
- Allocate services
- Provide information on where to find
What skills do you think are important in writing good clinical evaluation reports versus other types of written documentation?
- Detailed evaluation notes
- Established rapport with other medical professionals (Interprofessional practice)
Which of the six workplace hazard classifications (chemical, radiation, biological, physical, psychological, and ergonomic) would most likely be
present in a speech, language, hearing clinic?
- Biological
- Physical
- Ergonomic
- Psychological
Who is a mandated reporter of abuse? Who do they report to?
WE ARE! (social workers, teachers, principals, and other school personnel, physicians, nurses, and other health care workers, counselors, therapists and other mental health professionals, child care providers, medical examiners or coroners, and law enforcement officers).
Depending on the state, human services or Department of Children and Family Services websites, will have a phone number to report child abuse or child neglect.
Additionally, Your agency, hospital, or school will have specific guidelines for policies and procedures regarding reporting of possible child abuse.
What 3 federal laws require that health care providers who receive federal funds (e.g., Medicare, Medicaid) provide spoken or signed interpreters and translated written materials to limited English proficiency and Deaf/hard-of-hearing clients/patients/families (Chen, Youdelman, & Brooks, 2007)?
- Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
- The Americans with Disabilities Act
- The Affordable Care Act