Bioethics & Ethical Decision Making
What are the four bioethical principles?
Autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice
Name the two organizations that have professional codes of ethics in nursing
The American Nurses Association (ANA) and The International Council of Nurses (ICN)
This term describes the stereotyping and discrimination against older adults based on age
Ageism
The Rule of _______ Effect is based on an individual’s reasoning that an act causing good and evil can be permissible.
Example: use of morphine in a dying patient can ease pain/suffering but also hasten death
The rule of Double effect
Reflecting on action involves stopping to think about what one is choosing and doing before and during one’s actions. True or false?
False; this describes reflecting in action. Reflecting on action involves looking back on one’s action.
There are thirteen ideal nursing ethical competencies that allow nurses to provide safe, high quality care to their patients. Name two of them:
Moral integrity, honesty, truthfulness/thruthtelling, benevolence, wisdom, moral courage, communication, mindfulness, effective listening, concern, advocacy, power, and culturally sensitive care.
This type of paternalism occurs when a healthcare provider intervenes to prevent substantially nonvoluntary conduct
Soft paternalism
Name any two strategies used by nurses to console suffering patients
Empathy, compassion, attentive listening
Name two goals of an Ethics Committee
Provide support, by providing guidance to patients, families, and decision makers
Review cases, as requested, when there are conflicts in basic values
Provide assistance in clarifying situations that are ethical, legal, or religious in nature
Help clarify issues, discuss alternatives, and suggest compromises
Promote the rights of patients
Assist the patient and family in coming to consensus with options
Promote fair policies and procedures that maximize the likelihood of achieving good outcomes
Enhance the ethical tenor of both healthcare organizations and professionals
True or False: Social media benefits nurses by automating routine tasks such as refilling prescriptions, answering questions, and sharing informational websites.
True
This is the ability to make deliberate choices and to act deliberately in regard to important life experiences affecting the suffering and well-being of sentient beings
Moral agency
True or False: Voluntary euthanasia has become associated with physician-assisted suicide
True.
Voluntary euthanasia: when patients with decision-making capacity authorize physicians to take their lives
Physician-assisted suicide: taking of one’s own life with a lethal dose of a physician-ordered medication
What is the term used to describe the deliberate overriding of a patient’s opportunity to exercise autonomy because of a perceived obligation of beneficence?
Paternalism
What do you risk when you use social media negatively in healthcare?
Your job
Your license
Your credibility
Your patient's trust and their confidentiality
Name three virtues needed by elders
Courage
Humility
Patience
Simplicity
Benignity
Integrity
Wisdom
Detachment and nonchalance
Courtesy
Hilarity
What are the 3 standards of death?
Cardiopulmonary death
Whole-brain death or permanent brain failure
Higher-brain death
The Four Topics Approach to Ethical Decision Making allows healthcare professionals to construct the facts of a case in a structured format that facilitates critical thinking about ethical problems. What are the four topics?
Medical indications, patient preferences, quality of life, and contextual features
_______ ___________ are limits that protect the space between the nurse's professional power and the patient's vulnerabilities.
Professional boundaries
Are value judgments divided into categories of personal evaluations and observer evaluations
Quality life
This refers to interventions or treatments that are unlikely to produce any significant benefit to a terminally ill person.
Medical futility